Kebijakan Affirmatif Perdana Menteri Goran Persson untuk meningkatkan kondisi sosial ekonomi perempuan di Swedia

YUSTIKANINGRUM, Richa Vidya, Drs. Muhadi Sugiono, MA

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Politik (Hubungan Internasional)

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat bagaimana kondisi sosial ekonomi perempuan di Swedia, dimana Swedia dikenal sebagai salah satu negara di Skandinavia yang memiliki tingkat kesetaraan antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang relatif tinggi. Namun pada kenyataannya di balik keberhasilan Swedia dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan politik perempuannya, terdapat masalah sosial ekonomi yang muncul. Oleh karena itu, ketika Göran Persson menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri periode 1996-2006 lalu, pemerintahannya mengambil langkah kebijakan affirmatif untuk meningkatkan kondisi sosial ekonomi perempuan Swedia. Kebijakan Affirmatif tersebut berupa amandemen undang-undang yang telah ada sebelumnya seperti the Equal Opportunity Act, the Education Act, the Swedish Tobacco Act, Abortion Act, Maternity Protection Act, Social Services Act, Health Medical Services Act dan Prohibition of Discrimination Act dimana kebijakan tersebut diimplementasikan melalui berbagai pengembangan program kebijakan seperti Kontrol Tembakau, program beasiswa dan riset bagi perempuan, cuti hamil dan mengasuh anak dengan kompensasi. Hasilnya, kebijakan affirmatif tersebut memberikan kontribusi positif bagi kehidupan perempuan di Swedia, seperti berkurangnya kesenjangan upah antara laki-laki dan perempuan, kesetaraan pendidikan dan banyak perempuan yang menduduki posisi strategis di tingkat akademik. Penelitian ini pada akhirnya ingin menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan affirmatif merupakan upaya yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan, memperbaiki kondisi perempuan di seluruh aspek kehidupan agar lebih baik.

This research is related to the omen social economic condition in Sweden, which Sweden is the one of Scandinavian countries that known as a country with the high equality level between women and men. But in fact, behind the succeed of Sweden’s women participation in political area, there were some problems faced especially in social economic aspects. Related to this matter, when Göran Persson who was chosen as Prime Minister of Sweden (period year 1996 until 2006), their government took affirmative policy to promote the women social economic condition. Furthermore, there were some kinds of affirmative policy like amendments of Acts such as the Equal Opportunity Act, the Education Act, the Swedish Tobacco Act, Abortion Act, Maternity Protection Act, Social Services Act, Health Medical Services Act dan Prohibition of Discrimination Act. This policy has been implemented with many programs such as Tobacco Control, gave scholarship or professorship for research to women, maternity leave for women, parental leave with benefits. The kind of affirmative policy has given best contribution for Sweden’s women by decreasing of gender gap of payment between women and men, the equality of education and there are a lot of women who take in strategic position in academics level. Finally, this research is aimed to show that affirmative policy should be the best way for government to promote and improve the women condition all over the aspects well.

Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Pemerintah,PM Goran Persson,Sosial Ekonomi Perempuan Swedia, Affirmative Policy, women, policy implementation, social economy, Sweden