The Domestic Source of Internasional Agreement :: Studi tentang Ratifikasi Indonesia terhadap Agreement on Agriculture

INDRIASTUTI, Suyani, Dra. Ilen Halina, M.Si

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Politik (Hubungan Internasional)

Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan liberalisasi pertanian yang berlangsung di Indonesia, terutama difokuskan pada latar belakang ratifikasi Indonesia terhadap Agreement on Agriculture (AoA). Ada persoalan yang mendasar terkait dengan liberalisasi pertanian tersebut, antara lain adalah ketidaksiapan petani dalam menghadapi liberalisasi pertanian. Namun pada kenyataannya, pemerintah Indonesia telah meratifikasi AoA tanpa mempertimbangkan kesulitan yang akan dihadapi petani. Ada kepentingan-kepentingan baik politik maupun materiil yang melingkupi ratifikasi tersebut. Pihak yang diuntungkan akan cenderung mendorong liberalisasi. Liberalisasi pertanian sangat terkait dengan kepentingan presiden Soeharto dan keluarganya serta para konglomerat. Kepentingan tersebut kemudian diolah dalam institusi politik Indonesia yang mana peran Soeharto dominan sehingga kepentingannya beserta keluarga dan teman-temannya cenderung diutamakan. Sementara itu kepentingan petani cenderung diabaikan. Terdapat tiga hal utama yang mendorong pemerintah Indonesia meratifikasi AoA, yaitu pertama, kebutuhan modal dan investasi asing yang digunakan untuk melanjutkan pembangunan nasional, kedua, ide dari komunitas epistemik propasar, ketiga, rendahnya tingkat partisipasi politik petani.

The research was linked with agriculture liberalization which was held on Indonesia, especially was focused on Indonesia ratification background of agreement on Agriculture (Ao A). The fundamental background e g: non readiness of the farmer on agriculture liberalizarion. But in fact, Indonesian Government had ratified AoA without understanding of difficultywhich would be impacted to the farmer. There were many interests, whether political or material which included the ratification. The benefit parties would pressure to liberalization Agriculture liberalization very liked with the former President Soeharto, his families and their cronies (many richest clans). The interest then was proceeded on Indonesian Political Institution with the domain of Soeharto and his interests so his cronies was forced to be the first alternative, while the farmers interests was arrested. There were three main factors which pressed Indonesian Government for ratification Ao A, first : foreign investment need for sustainable growth, second the idea from pro market epistemic community three the low of farmer politic participation.

Kata Kunci : Liberalisasi Pertanian,Ratifikasi AoA,Perdagangan Internasional, Liberalization, interest, ratification, international trade, farmer