Kajian dampak penambangan emas menggunakan media pelarut merkuri terhadap kesehatan masyarakat di daerah Kalirejo Kokap Kulon Progo

MARUAPEY, Jainal, Prof.Dr. Totok Gunawan, MS

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan (Magister Pengelolaan Lingkunga

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tingkat pencemaran merkuri pada airtanah pada lokasi penambangan emas rakyat di daerah penelitian, mengkaji sebaran logam berat merkuri pada lokasi penambangan emas rakyat di daerah penelitian, mengkaji sejauh mana status kesehatan masyarakat akibat pencemaran logam berat merkuri di daerah penelitian, memberikan alternatif Strategi Pengelolaan Lingkungan akibat pencemaran logam berat merkuri terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Metode Groundwater Confinement, System Overlying Strata, Depth Groundwater (GOD), yaitu kesatu Groundwater Confinement: Tipe akuifer atau kondisi airtanah berdasarkan pada lapisan pembatas (Cofining Stratum); kedua Overlying Strata: Karakter material atau litologi dan derajat konsolidasi pada zone aerasi; ketiga Depth to Groundwater: Kedalaman muka airtanah. Pengambilan sampel parameter fisika dan kimia airtanah, yaitu sebanyak 12 air sumur penduduk dengan cara stratified random sampling, sedangkan data kesehatan masyarakat (pengambilan darah penambang dan penduduk) di ambil sampel 14 secara random sampling dari populasi penduduk 508 jiwa. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan kombinasi analisis kuantitatif, deskriptif, dan pola keruangan. Hasil pengukuran lapangan dan analisis laboratorium terhadap kualitas air sumur dengan membandingkan hasil analisis dengan baku mutu Permenkes Nomor 907/2002, parameter fisika, yaitu suhu rata-rata 11.52 OC masih di bawah ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan (suhu udara); Daya Hantar Listrik (DHL) rata-rata 526.333 μmhos/cm masih dibawa ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan (1000 μmhos/cm); Kekeruhan rata-rata 2.93 FTU masih di bawah ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan (5 FTU); parameter kimia, yaitu pH rata-rata 6.53 masih di bawah ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan (6.5-8.5); Oksigen Terlarut (DO) rata-rata 4.43 mg/L di atas ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan (4 mg/L); Kesadahan (CaCO3) rata-rata 253.917 mg/L masih di bawah ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan (500 mg/L); Merkuri (Hg) rata-rata 0.0122 ppm di atas ambang batas yang dipersyaratkan (0.001 ppm). Hasil analisis Laboratorium terhadap parameter darah, kandungan logam berat Hg dalam darah pekerja terendah 0.004 ppm, dan tertinggi 0.018 ppm sedangkan kandungan logam berat Hg dalam darah penduduk terendah 0 ppm, dan tertinggi 0.006 ppm atau sebanyak 11 orang (78,57 %) terindikasi positif mengandung merkuri dari total 14 sampel yang di analisis dari populasi penduduk Dusun Plampang II, yaitu 508 jiwa, sedangkan 3 orang (21,43 %) tidak terindikasi mengandung merkuri. Baku mutu Hg darah manusia yang di syaratkan oleh WHO 1990, yaitu 0.005 – 0010 ppm.

A research has been carried out on the level of mercury contamination to groundwater in community-operated gold mines of the area being researched, the distribution of mercury and the degree of community health due to mercury contamination in the area being researched, as well as on the possible alternatives for Environmental Management Strategy to cope with the effects of mercury contamination on the degree of community health. The following methods are applied to the research: Groundwater Confinement—type of aquifer or ground condition based on confining stratum, System Overlying Strata—material characteristics or lithology and degree of aeration zone consolidation, Depth to Groundwater—the level of water table’s depth. Physical and chemical characteristics of groundwater are taken from a stratified-random sample of villagers’ well. The number of samples is 12. Blood samples are taken from a random sample of 508 of population. The number of which is 14. A combination of qualitative, descriptive, and spatial pattern analysis is used to analyze data. On-field evaluation and laboratory analysis of groundwater quality is made by comparing the result of analysis with the Ministry of Health Standards No. 907/2002, resulting in the following physical parameters: an average temperature of 11.52°C which is below standard (air temperature), an average electric conductivity of 526.333 μmhos/cm which is below standard (1000 μmhos/cm), an average water turbidity of 2.93 FTU which is below standard (5 FTU); chemical parameters: an average pH level of 6.53 which is below standard (6.5 – 8.5), an average dissolved oxygen (DO) of 4.43 mg/l which is above standard (4 mg/l), an average water hardness (CaCO3) of 253.917 mg/l which is below standard (500 mg/l), and an average mercury (Hg) content of 0.0122 ppm which is above standard (0.001 ppm). A laboratory analysis on Hg-content in blood shows that the lowest Hg-content in miners’ blood is 0.004 ppm and the highest Hg-content in miners’ blood is 0.018 ppm. On the other hand, the lowest Hg-content in villagers’ blood is 0 ppm and the highest Hg-content in villagers’ blood is 0.006 ppm. Of the 14 samples taken from Dusun Plampang II with 508 of population, 11 samples (78.57%) are contaminated with mercury and 3 samples (21.43%) are not contaminated with mercury. Based on 1990 WHO standards, Hg-content in human blood should be within the range of 0.005 – 0.010 ppm.

Kata Kunci : Pencemaran Air Tanah,Penambangan Emas,Kesehatan Masyarakat, groundwater contamination, waste, mercury (Hg), gold miners’ and villagers’ blood