Pengaruh jalan lintas batas Kalimantan Barat-Serawak terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan dan kerusakan lingkungan hutan :: Kasus di Kecamatan Entikong, Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat

IRSAN, Robby, Prof.Dr. H. Chafid Fandeli, MS

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh keberadaan jalan lintas batas antar negara terhadap pertumbuhan penduduk, pertambahan prasarana dan sarana fisik, dan perubahan penggunaan lahan hutan tahun 1998-2005. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Entikong Kabupaten Sanggau, Propinsi Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei di Desa Entikong terhadap 72 rumahtangga (RT) dengan responden kepala keluarga sebagai sampel. Penentuan sampel responden menggunakan teknik acak stratifikasi dari 1.442 RT, di empat dusun penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dari tabulasi frekuensi dan tabulasi silang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa pertumbuhan penduduk selama tujuh tahun terakhir rata-rata sangat tinggi (4,49 %/tahun), lebih tinggi dari pada pertumbuhan penduduk di tingkat kabupaten (0,86 %/tahun). Pertumbuhan penduduk lebih banyak diakibatkan oleh migrasi dari pada kelahiran, sebagai akibat pembangunan jalan lintas batas. Pertambahan jumlah prasarana dan sarana fisik baik untuk pendidikan, kesehatan, ekonomi, transportasi dan komunikasi, bangunan perumahan, dan tempat ibadah cukup banyak bervariasi dari 50 persen hingga lebih dari 100 persen. Pertumbuhan penduduk maupun pertambahan prasarana dan sarana fisik, lebih banyak di desa dekat jalan lintas batas dari pada di desa jauh jalan lintas batas. Luas penggunaan lahan hutan selama tujuh tahun (1998-2005) berkurang hingga 251 hektar, sebagian terbesar 200 hektar digunakan untuk perluasan perladangan, sebagian besar 23 hektar untuk sawah, dan 28 hektar untuk permukiman dan fasilitas fisik lainnya. Makin sempitnya luas hutan tersebut disebabkan makin tingginya pertumbuhan penduduk, dan makin tingginya peningkatan jumlah prasarana sarana umum. Hal ini berarti bahwa pengembangan jaringan jalan lintas batas antar negara mempengaruhi peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan fasilitas umum, namun luas hutan semakin berkurang.

The study aimed at investigating the effect of West Kalimantan-Serawak international cross-boundary road on the population growth, the development of physical structure and infrastructure, and the change in the forest land use in 1998- 2005. It was conducted in Entikong subdistrict of Sanggau district of West Kalimantan province. This research used a survey method of 72 households in Entikong village with the household heads as its samples. The samples were drawn using stratified randomized technique of 1,442 households of the village. The data was analyzed using the descriptive analysis of the frequency tabulation and cross tabulation. The results of the study indicated that the population growth in the last seven years was very high (4.49%/year), which was higher than the population growth at the district level (0.86%/year). The population growth more predominantly resulted from migration than birth as the consequence of the construction of the crossboundaries road. The increase in the number of the physical structure and infrastructure for education, health, economics, transportation and communication, housings, and houses of prayer varied from 50 percent to more than 100 percent. The population growth and the increase in the number of the physical structure and infrastructure took place more in the villages alongside the cross-boundary road than in the villages far from the road. The width of the forest land use for five years (1998- 2003) decreased to 43 hectares; most of them were for wet rice field (17 hectars), for dry field (14 hectars), and for housings and other physical facilities (7 hectars). The width of the forest land decreased in the next two years (2003-2005) into 208 hectars, most of them (186 hectars) was used to extend the dry field, for settlement and physical facilities (16 hectars), and for wet rice field (6 hectars). The increasingly decrease in the width of the forest land was caused by the high population growth and the increase in the number of the public structure and infrastructure. It meant that the development of the international cross-boundary roads network gave effect to the increase in the population growth and public facilities, while the width of forest land increasingly decreased.

Kata Kunci : Pengembangan jalan lintas batas, pertumbuhan penduduk, pertambahan fasilitas umum, perubahan penggunaan lahan hutan, The construction of cross-boundary road, population growth, the increase in the number of public facilities, the change in the use of fore