Analisis kandungan lemak Omega-3 EPA dan DHA pada hewan laut telur Bulubabi (echinus sp) di daerah Sulawesi Tenggara

NAZUDIN, Dr. H. Ngatidjo Hadipranoto, SU

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kadar lemak omega3 EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) dan DHA (Docosahexaenoic) pada hewan laut telur bulubabi berduri panjang maupun berduri pendek, pengamli pernanasan dan penambahan antioksidan BRA (Buthylated Hidroxyanisol) terbadap tingkat kerusakan EPA dan DHA path telur bulubabì. Bulubabi (Echinus sp) adalah merupakan salah satu jenis hewan yang hidup di perairan dangkal disebutjuga brandal laut dan banyak terdapat di Sulawesi Tenggara, Maluku, Irian sefla beberapa daerah lainnya di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian berasal dan telur bulubabi yang diambil dan Sulawesi Teuggara. Ekstraksi lemak omega-3 EPA dan DHA dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi Fol ch yaitu dengan menggunakan perbandinan campuran cloroform-methanol 2 : 1 dan I : 1 . Minyak telur bulubabi yang dihasilkan melalui ekstraksi ditransestenfikasi dalam methanol menggunakan BF3 sebagai katalis sebelum diinjeksikan ke dalam krornatografi gas untuk penentuan kandungan asam lemaknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telur bulubabi segar berdun pendek mengandung lemak Oniega-3 EPA sebesar 7,34% dan DHA sebesar 1 , 1 1 % jika ekstraksi dilakukan c1oroformmethanoI 2 : 1 , sedangkan perbandingan cloroforimmethanol 1:1 mengbasilkan EPA 7,20% dan DHA 1,01%. Untuk telur bulubabi segar berduri panjang j ika di gunakan pelarut cloroform-methanol 2 : 1 diperoleh EPA I 0,2 9% dan DHA O, 8 1 %, sedangkan untuk perbandingan I : 1 EPA sebesar I 0,07 dan DHA sebesar O,72%. Tingkat kerusakan EPA dan DHA path telar bulubabi akibat lama pemanasan 20, 30, 40, 50 dan 60 menit berturut-turut untuk EPA sebesar 5,86%, 8,O9°/, 9,40%, 10,49%, 1 1,17% dan untuk DHA sebesar 1 1,71%, 81,08%, 83,08%, 90,00% dan 98,78%, sedangkan untuk bulubabi berduri panjang berturut-turut EPA 9,43%, 8,25%, 3,11%, 2,71%. 0,31% dan DHA 0,21%, 0,19%, 0,11%, 0,08% dan 0,02%. Penambahan antioksidan BHA path lama pemanasan 30 menit dapat mencegah dengan baik tingkat kerusakan EPA. dan DHA dengan konsentrasi optimum penambahan antara 25 — 50 ppm.

A research had been done to identify Omega-3 EPA oil concentration (Eicosapentaenois Acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) in long and short thorny sea urchin egg, the effect of heating and addition of antioxidant BHA (Butylated Hidroxyanisol) toward damage level of EPA and DHA in sea urchins’ egg. Sea urchin (Echinus sp) is a kind of animal that lives in shallow water or brandal sea and there are a lot of it in Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua, and some other area. The research’s samples were sea urchins’ egg from South East Sulawesi to identify Omega-3 EPA oil concentration and DHA using Folch extraction method, that is operating the mix of chloroform –methanol comparison, 2:1 and 1:1. The oil of sea urchins’ egg produced through extraction was transestherificated using BF3 in methanol as catalyst before injected into gas chromatography. The research showed that fresh short thorny sea urchin contained Omega-3 EPA oil 7,34% and DHA 1,11% with chloroform-methanol comparison 2:1, while 1:1 comparison were 7,20% and 1,01% respectively. For long thorny sea urchin were 10,29% and 0,81%, while 1:1 comparison were 10,07% and 0,72% respectively. The duration of heating were 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes, the EPA concentration were 6,91%, 6,75%, 6,65%, 6,57%, and 6, 52% respectively. Meanwhile, DHA were 0,98%, 0,21%, 0,18%, 0,11% and 0,09% for short thorny sea urchin. The damage level or EPA and DHA in series are 5,86%, 8,04%, 9,40%, 10,49% and 11,17% while DHA were 11,71%, 81,08%, 83,78%, 90,00%, and 98,78% respectively. Similar thing also happened with the long thorny sea urchin. The EPA concentration were 9,43%, 8,255, 3,11%, 2,71%, and 0,31% and DHA were 0,21%, 0,19%, 0,11%, 0,08%, and 0,02% respectively. the addition of antioxidant towards 30 minutes heating to short thorny sea urchin, the optimum concentration with the addition of BHA 25 – 50 ppm can inhibit EPA and DHA oxidation process in order are 7,47%, 7,44%, and 1,12%, 1,09% while in long thorny sea urchin the optimum concentration 25 – 50 ppm is still inhibiting EPA and DHA oxidation process in series are 12,18%, 11,74%, and 0,84%, 0,21%.

Kata Kunci : Asam Lemak Omega 3,EPA dan DHA,BHA,Telur Bulubabi, sea urchins’ egg Omega-3 EPA oil and DHA