Hubungan status gizi dengan lama diare anak dengan diare akut di ruang rawat inap RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

PALUPI, Astya, Prof.dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.,Sc.D

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar belakang : Di Indonesia, diare masih merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak terutama anak yang berusia di bawah lima tahun. Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga tahun 2000 dan 2003 menunjukkan peningkatan angka kesakitan diare dari 301 per 1000 penduduk menjadi 374 per 1000 penduduk. Di Ruang Rawat Inap Anak RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta tahun 2005 diare merupakan penyebab terbanyak penderita yang dirawat inap. Salah satu penyebab tingginya angka kesakitan diare adalah keadaan gizi. Prevalensi gizi kurang di Indonesia tahun 2002 adalah 27,3 % dan di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) sebesar 11,39 %. Keadaan gizi dan diare mempunyai hubungan timbal balik yang dikenal dengan lingkaran setan dimana diare dapat mencetuskan terjadinya malnutrisi dan di pihak lain malnutrisi dapat menyebabkan timbulnya diare. Status gizi yang buruk dapat mempengaruhi kejadian diare dan lamanya menderita diare. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan lama diare. Metode : Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan rancangan studi kohor retrospektif dengan memanfaatkan data rekam medis dan surveilens diare periode September 2005 – September 2006 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Subyek penelitian adalah anak usia 6 bulan sampai 5 tahun yang menderita diare akut sebanyak 138 subyek. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah status gizi anak berdasarkan antropometri dengan indikator berat badan menurut panjang/tinggi badan (BB/PB atau BB/TB), variabel terikat adalah lama diare, variabel pengganggu adalah dehidrasi dan etiologi diare serta variabel terkendali yaitu umur dan jenis kelamin. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Fisher exact dan One Way Anova. Hasil : Rerata lama diare pada status gizi kurus sekali adalah 101,0 ± 28,28 jam, gizi kurus 96,31 ± 16,69 jam, gizi normal 65,06 ± 6,90 jam dan 64,52 ± 11,70 jam pada gizi gemuk. Berdasarkan uji statistik hubungan status gizi dengan lama diare bermakna (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan : Hubungan status gizi dengan lama diare bermakna secara statistik dimana semakin buruk status gizi maka semakin lama diare yang diderita..

Background: In Indonesia diarrhea is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children especially those under five years of age. The Household Health Survey 2000 and 2003 shows an increase of diarrhea morbidity rate from 300 to 374 per 1000 people. At the inpatient ward of Dr. Sardjito Hospital in 2005 diarrhea was found as the major cause of patients being hospitalized. One of the causes of high diarrhea morbidity rate is poor nutritional status. In 2002 the prevalence of undernourish children in Indonesia is 27.3% and in the Province of Yogyakarta Special Territory is 11.39%. Ultimately, nutritional status and diarrhea are related to each other, which leads to very famous “vicious cycle”, diarrhea causes malnutrition and malnutrition causes diarrhea. Objective: To identify relationship between nutritional status and the duration of diarrhea. Method: This observational study was conducted with retrospective cohort design using the data of medical records and survailance of diarrhea at Dr. Sardjito Hospital from September 2005 to September 2006. Subject of the study were 138 children of 6 months to 5 years old suffering from acute diarrhea. The independent variable of the study was children's nutritional status based on the anthropometry as indicated by weight/height. Dependent variable was duration of diarrhea and the confounding variables were dehydration and etiology. The controlled variable is age and sex. Data analysis used Fisher Exact test and One Way Anova. Result: The average duration of diarrhea among undernourished children was 101.0 + 28.28 hours, wasted children was 96.31 + 16.69 hours, normal nourished children was 65.06 + 6.90 hours and well nourished children was 64.52 + 11.70 hours. There was a significant relationship between nutritional status and the duration of diarrhea (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between nutritional status and the duration of diarrhea. This means that children with poor nutritional status would likely suffer longer from diarrhea.

Kata Kunci : Gizi Anak,Lama Diare Akut, nutritional status, acute diarrhea, duration of diarrhea