Evaluasi Program Promosi Kesehatan Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium (GAKY) di Kabupaten Dairi

TARIGAN, Selamat, Toto Sudargo, SKM.,M.Kes

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan Promosi

Latar belakang: Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium (GAKY) dewasa mi menjadi masalah nasional dan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat. GAKY dapat menyebabkan pembesaran kelenjar gondok dan hipotiroid. Kekurangan yodium pada ibu hamil dapat menyebabkan risiko terjadinya keguguran, lahir mati, sampai cacat bawaan pada bayi yang tahir berupa gangguan perkembangan saraf, mental dan fisik yang disebut kretin. Sesual dengan kategon yang ditetapkan oleh WHO, Kabupaten Daih termasuk salah satu daerah endemik berat GAKY. Untuk menanggulangi penyakit tersebut diperlukan adanya komitmen dalam mengambil kebijakan promosi kesehatan yang dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap masyarakat dalam program penanggulangan GAKY Tujuan: Penelitian mi bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi dan gambaran tentang strategi kebijakan dalam upaya menurunkan tingkat prevalensi GAKY di Kabupaten Dairi Metode: Penelitian mi merupakan penelitian kualitaUf deskriptif dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam kepada petugas Dinas Kesehatan, pembuat kebijakan, tokoh masyarakat, dan LSM. untuk mendapatkan data primer. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui data laporan dari seksi promkes, Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Dairi Hasil dan Pembahasan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan komitmen antara pihak-pihak yang berkompeten dalam perumusan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi kebijakan terhadap program promosi kesehatan terkait dengan perbedaan pemahaman mengenai kendala pelaksanaan kebijakan. Promosi kesehatan juga belum optimal. Promosi pencegahan GAKY baru sekedar penyuluhan dan memberikan informasi melalui penyebaran leaflet dan stiker ke puskesmas serta pengadaan penyuluhan. Kesimpulan: Pertama, kegagalan implementasi program pencegahan GAKY disebabkan oleh ketidakkompakan pihak eksekutif maupun pihak legislatif Kabupaten Dam sehingga pada tingkat implementasinya, pihak Dinas Kesehatan seolah-otah berjalan sendin. Pelaksanaan promosi kesehatan tidak dilakukan secara menyeluruh dan belum melibatkan seluruh stakeholders. Implementasi di lapangan hanya dilakukan melalui penyebaran leaflet di puskesmas-puskesmas dan penyuluhan-p enyuluhan.

Background: Today, Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) has become a national problem and one of the health problems of the community. IDD is responsible for the swell of thyroid and hypothyroid glands. Iodine deficiency among pregnant mothers increases the risks of miscarriage, neonatal death, and genetic defects of the infants in the forms of nerve growth, mental and physical disorders known as cretin. Based on the category established by WHO, Dairi district is an endemic region of IDD. Overcoming this disease requires a commitment to carry out health promotion policy which is able to provide contributions to the community through IDD prevention program. Objectives of Study: This study was aimed to obtain information and profiles of policy strategies in the effort to reduce the rate of 1DD prevalence in Dam district. Method: It was a qualitative-descriptive study using indepth interviews with health personnel, policy makers, community figures, and NGOs to obtain the primary data. The secondary data were obtained from the reports of health promotion division of Health Office in Dairi district. Results and Discussion: The results of study indicated that the relevant parties who were responsible for the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policies in health promotion programs had inconsistent commitments due to the differences of their understandings about the obstacles of the policy implementation. Also, this health promotion had not been optimal. Promotion of IDD prevention was still limited to public briefings and provision of information through leaflets and stickers distribution at the public health clinics and arrangement of public briefings. Conclusion: First, failure in the implementation of the IDD prevention program was caused by the lack of coordination among the executives and legislatives in Dairi district so that the Health Office felt to work alone in its implementation. The implementation of health promotion had not been carried out to the entire area and did not involved all the stakeholders. The field implementation of health promotion was only limited to distribution of leaflets to public health clinics and public briefings.

Kata Kunci : Program Promosi Kesehatan,GAKY, IDD, policy implementation