Persepsi masyarakat miskin terhadap Program Promosi Kesehatan Gizi dalam Program Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Bidang Kesehatan (PKBK) Kota Balikpapan
SOHOT, Santi, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si.,PhD
2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan PromosiLatar Belakang: Angka kemiskinan di Kalimantan Timur sebesar 220.387 KK, 898.255 jiwa. Tahun 2005 jumlah penderita gizi buruk sebanyak 225 kasus. Balikpapan yang merupakan salah satu kota di Propinsi Kalimantan memiliki angka kemiskinan sebesar 8.462 KK, 28.991 jiwa. Di Kota Balikpapan pada tahun 2004 terdapat 3 kasus kekurangan gizi, tahun 2005 terdapat 4 kasus dan 7 kasus di tahun 2006, Sebagian besar disebabkan kurangnya asupan gizi karena kemiskinan. Program Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Bidang Kesehatan (PKBK) merupakan wujud nyata kepedulian pemerintah Kota Balikpapan pada masyarakat miskin dengan memberikan bantuan pelayanan kesehatan secara paripurna termasuk di dalamnya program promosi kesehatan gizi. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai persepsi masyarakat miskin terhadap program promosi kesehatan gizi. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian kualitatif, dengan 35 orang subjek utama penelitian, yaitu masyarakat yang ada dalam data base masyarakat miskin kota. Penelitian ini menggali persepsi masyarakat miskin tentang program promosi kesehatan gizi dalam program PKBK. Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti sendiri dibantu 2 orang asisten peneliti. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi kegiatan promosi yang dilakukan puskesmas. DKT dilakukan sebelum melakukan observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan content analysis. Triangulasi sumber kepada stakeholder, LSM/wartawan, petugas kesehatan dan kader posyandu. Hasil: Ada perbedaan persepsi terhadap program promosi kesehatan gizi dari berbagai karakteristik responden. Faktor ekonomi merupakan penghambat seseorang untuk berperilaku sehat dan mempengaruhi pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan. Minimnya media, terbatasnya penggunaan metode, materi yang disampaikan sangat singkat dan tidak mendalam, frekuensi dan kecukupan pembiayaan program promosi kesehatan gizi mempengaruhi efektivitas program promosi kesehehatan gizi. Kesimpulan: Masyarakat memandang program promosi kesehatan gizi masih sebatas pemberian pengetahuan. Perubahan perilaku dihambat oleh ketidakmampuan finansial. Secara umum, keberhasilan program promosi kesehatan gizi dipengaruhi oleh kecukupan dana, ketersediaan media, penggunaan metode, materi promosi, frekuensi promosi, akses pelayanan promosi, sasaran promosi yang terbatas dan peran serta masyarakat
Background: The poverty rate in East Kalimantan was around 220,387 head of families and 898,255 people. In the year of 2005, the malnutrition patients were 225 cases. Balikpapan which is considered as one of the biggest cities in the province of Kalimantan has poverty rate of 8,462 head of families and 28,991 people. In the year of 2004 in Balikpapan, there were 3 babies who suffered from malnutrition, and there were 4 babies in the year of 2005, and 7 cases in the year of 2006 which most of them caused by lack of nutrition intake as the result of poverty. The policy program of poverty control in health field (PKBK) is a real concern of Balikpapan municipality government for poor community by giving complete health service assistance with health promotion on nutrition health included. Objective: This research was aimed to find out a description on poor community’s perception toward health promotion program on nutrition. Method: The design was qualitative research. 35 subjects participated in thei research. All of the subjects were taken from data base of poor communities in the municipality. This research deeply explored poor community’s perception regarding health promotion program on nutrition in the program of PKBK. The research instrument was one researcher and two researcher assistants. The data was collected with in-depth interview, and observation of promotion activity which was conducted by Primary Health Care. FGD was conducted before observation and in-depth interview. Data analysis was conducted with content analysis, and source triangulation was also conducted toward stakeholder, NGO/journalist, health care provider and cadre of integrated service post (posyandu). Result: There was a difference on perception toward health promotion of nutrition from various characteristics of the respondents. Economic factor was the obstacle for someone to have healthy behavior and influenced the utilization of health service. There was a limitation on media and method availability, the conveyed material was very short and not deeply explored, frequency and sufficiency of health promotion program on nutrition was influenced the effectiveness of nutrition health promotion program. Conclusion: The community considered that health promotion program on nutrition was still limited on knowledge transfer. Behavior change was hampered by financial inability. Generally, the successfulness of health promotion program on nutrition was influenced by funding sufficiency, media availability, method utilization, promotion material, promotion frequency, promotion service access, limited promotion target and community’s participation.
Kata Kunci : Promosi Kesehatan Gizi,Persepsi Masyarakat Miskin,Kebijakan PKBK, poverty, PKBK, stakeholder, health promotion
