Persepsi penderita dan keluarga terhadap penyakit dan Program Eliminasi Filariasiis di Kecamatan Tungkal Ilir Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat Propinsi Jambi

MULYADI, Dra. Sri Sumarni, DAP

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan Promosi

Latar Belakang: Penyakit kaki gajah (filariasis) adalah penyakit menular menahun yang disebabkan oleh ¡nfeksi cacing filaria dan ditularkan oleh nyamuk yang menjadi masalah kesehatan di Kecamatan Tungkal Ilir Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat Propinsi Jambi. Pemerintah tetah melakukan upaya untuk mengeliminasi filanasis melalui program promosi kesehatan guna meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat.Persepsi masyarakat khususnya penderita filariasis dan keluarganya terhadap penyakit filariasis dan program eliminasi filariasis perlu dikaji dan dievaluasi guna memperbaiki pelaksanaan program eliminasi filariasis. Tujuan Penelitian: Memperoleh gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, penlaku penderita dan keluarga terhadap penyakit dan program eliminasi filariasis di Kecamatan Tungkal Ilir Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat Propinsi Jambi. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penetitian kualitatif eksploratif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam (in-depth inte,rview), observasi terstruktur terhadap aktMtas dan Iingkungan tempat tinggal penderita fUariasis serta focus group discussion pada keluarga pendenta filariasis. HasH wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview), observas dan focus group discussion dibuat dalam transkrip, dianalisis secara content analysis dan disajikan secara naratif. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Pengetahuan terhadap penyakit filariasis bervariasi sehingga menimbulkan sikap dan peritaku yang bervanasi terhadap filariasis dan proqram eliminasi fliariasis. Filariasis oleh sebaaian masyarakat dipandang sebagai penyakit keturunan, kutukan, atau gangguan dañ roh halus. Sebelum diperiksakan ke petugas kesehatan, pada umumnya mereka berobat secara tradisional. MuncuInya stigma dalam keluarga dan tetangga menimbulkan keinginan untuk mengungsikan penderita guna menghindan penularan. Pendenta maupun keluarga merasa senang dan mendukung kegiatan pengobatan massai dalam program eliminasi filariasis, namun mereka enggan mengkonsumsi obat karena takut akan efek samping obat. Ketakutan terhadap efek samping obat ¡ni disebabkan kurangnya sosialisasi, sehingga menjadi hambatan pelaksanaan program eliminasi fliariasis, disamping rendahnya kualitas kader kesehatan dan keterbatasan dana. Kesimpulan: Persepsi penderita dan keluarga yang berbeda-beda teqadi karena kurangnya sosialisasi. Dukungan berupa keterlibatan penderita dan keluarga dalam program eliminasi filanasis Iebih disebabkan oleh dorongan dan pihak eksternal, yaitu kader dan petugas kesehatan. Perlu dilakukan revisi bentuk program dan cara pendekatan masyarakat agar diperoleh partisipasi masyarakat yang Iebih baik dalam pemberantasan penyakit filariasis.

Background: Filariasis is an annually infecting disease caused by filaria worms’ infection and transmitted by various mosquitoes which becoming a health problem for Subdisctrict Tungkal Ilir, District Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi Province. The government has been doing efforts to eliminate filariasis through health promotion program in order to increase the level of public health. Perceptions of public especially the infected persons and their family towards the filariasis and program of filariasis elimination need to be examined and evaluated to improve the implementation of filariasis elimination program. Objectives: To obtain the profiles about knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the infected persons and their family towards the disease and elimination program of filariasis in Subdisctrict Tungkal Ilir, District Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi Province. Methods: Explorative qualitative research method. Data collection were performed with in-depth interviews, structured observations on activity and infected persons’ living environment with peoples infected by filariasis, and Focus Group Discussions with their family. The results were then transformed into transcripts, analyzed with content analysis method, and presented narratively. Results: Knowledge about filariasis ¡s varied that causing varied attitudes and behaviors towards filariasis and filariasis elimination program. Filariasis by some people is thought as genetic disease, curse, or disturbance from evil spirits. Before the examination by the health practitioners, most of the infected persons were commonly cured with traditional treatment methods. Stigmas emerged within family and neighbor causing a desire to evacuate the infected persons to avoid infection. The infected persons and their family are delighting and supporting the mass curing in the program of filariasis elimination; however they are reluctant to consume medicines since they are afraid of the medicine side effect. This anxiety is caused by less of socialization, becoming an obstacle in implementing the program of filariasis elimination, besides low quality of health auxiliary staffs and limitation of funds. Conclusions: Differing perceptions of the infected persons and family caused by lack of socialization. Supports like participation of the infected persons and family in the program of filariasis elimination are caused by motivation from external entities, i.e. health staffs and auxiliaries. It ¡s important to make a revision to the program and methods to approach peoples ¡n aim to get better participations from peoples in elimination of filariasis.

Kata Kunci : Penyakit Filariasis,Program Eliminasi Filariasis,Persepsi Penderita dan Keluarga,perception, knowledge, attitude, behavior, filariasis