Pengaruh sikap dan perilaku ibu terhadap status gizi balita di Puskesmas Caringin Kota Bandung

KANIAWATY, Nia, Prof.dr. Djauhar Ismail, MPH.,SpA(K).,PhD

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Kes. Ibu dan Anak-Ke

Latar Belakang : Masalah gizi mempunyai dimensi luas tidak hanya menyangkut aspek kesehatan, tetapi meliputi masalah sosial, ekonomi, lingkungan, sikap dan perilaku. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya kekurangan gizi pada anak adalah masih rendahnya perilaku gizi dan sikap ibu sebagai orang tua dalam merawat anak yang sangat dominan dalam keluarga. Hasil pemantauan pertumbuhan balita di posyandu menunjukan angka kurang gizi dikota Bandung tahun 2005 sebesar 12,03% sedangkan angka kurang gizi yang meliputi gizi kurang dan gizi buruk di wilayah puskesmas Caringin 12,5 %. Tujuan penelitian : Untuk mengetahui Pengaruh antara sikap dan perilaku ibu terhadap status gizi balita. Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Metode yang digunakan melalui pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu balita yang termasuk dalam kriteria inklusi di wilayah binaan puskesmas Caringin Kota Bandung. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode random sampling. Pengambilan data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terstruktur dan kuesioner. Pengolahan data melalui coding,editing,kategorisasi data,tabel dan narasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan univariat dan bivariat, pengujian statistik menggunakan uji Chi Square (x² ), dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik untuk mengetahui pola hubungan antar variabel. Hasil Penelitian : Sikap ibu tentang gizi dan kesehatan,merawat balita dan memberi makan 78,9% termasuk dalam kategori baik dan 21,1% termasuk kategori tidak baik. Sedangkan perilaku ibu 47,9% termasuk kategori baik dan 55,5% tergolong kategori tidak baik. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh hubungan bermakna antara sikap ibu dan asupan nutrisi terhadap status gizi balita (p<0,05), sedangkan perilaku ibu tidak berhubungan secara bermakna terhadap status gizi (p>0,05). Kesimpulan : Ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara sikap ibu dengan status gizi balita di Puskesmas Caringin Kota Bandung. Sedangkan perilaku ibu tidak bermakna setelah dikendalikan faktor pendidikan ibu, status ekonomi, keluarga, dukungan orang tua dan jarak tempat tinggal.

Background: Nutrition problems have a wide dimension which does not only relate to health aspect but also social, economic, environmental, attitude and behavioral problems. One cause of the prevalence of malnutrition among children is low attitude and behavior of mothers to nutrition whereas mothers have a dominant role in the rearing of children in the family. The result of growth monitoring of chi1dren under five at integrated posts shows that malnutrition rate at Bandung Municipality 2005 m 12,03% and at the working area of Caringin Health Center is 12.5%. Objective: To identify relationship between attitude and behavior of mothers and nutrition status Method: The study was an observational survey with cross sectional design and quantitative method. Subject of the study were mothers of children under five included in the inclusion criteria at the working area of Caringin Health Center of Bandung Municipality. Samples were taken randomly. Data were obtained through structured interview and questionnaires and processed through coding, editing, categorization, tabulation and narration. Data analysis used univariable through and bivariable method; statistical test used chi square(x2); and multivariable analysis with logistic regression test was used to identify pattern of intervariable relationshjp. Result: Attitude of mothers about nutrition and health, children rearing and food provision belonged to good category (78.9%) and not good category (21.1%). Behavior of mothers belonged to good category (55.5%) and not good category (44.5%). The result of statistical test showed that. them was significant relationship between mother's attitude and nutrition take and nutrition status of children under five (p<0.05), whereas mothers behavior had no significant relationship with nutrition status (p>O.05). Conclusion: There was significant relationship between mother's attitude and nutrition status of children under five at Caringin Health Center of Bandung Municipality. There was no significant relationship between mother's behavior and nutrition status of children under five after being controlled with factors of mother's attitude, intake nutrition, parent's support and education.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Ibu,Gizi Balita, nutrition status, attitude, behavior, children under five