Resiko terjadinya Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah pada ibu hamil perokok pasif di Kota Banda Aceh Propinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

IRNAWATI, Prof.dr. M. Hakimi, SpOG(K).,PhD

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Kes. Ibu dan Anak-Ke

Latar Belakang: Kontribusi terhadap kematian bayi baru lahir paling dominan disebabkan karena berat lahir bayi yang rendah. Bayi berat lahir rendah 40 kali lebih mungkin mengalami kematian dalam 4 minggu pertama. Biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk perawatan bayi berat lahir rendah juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bayi berat lahir cukup. Determinan berat bayi lahir rendah melibatkan banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah ibu hamil yang menjadi perokok pasif. Asap rokok baik yang dihirup secara sengaja maupun tidak oleh wanita hamil dapat memberikan efek yang kurang baik bagi ibu maupun janinnya. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui risiko terjadinya bayi berat lahir rendah pada ibu hamil perokok pasif. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan desain study kasus kontrol. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu yang melahirkan di BPK RSU dr. Zainoel Abidin di Kota Banda Aceh. Subjek penelitian pada kelompok kasus adalah ibu yang melahirkan bayi di bawah 2.500 gram. Ibu yang melahirkan bayi lebih atau sama dengan 2.500 gram akan menjadi kelompok kontrol. Jumlah subjek untuk masing-masing kelompok 105 (1:1). Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non probability sampling dengan metode consecutive sampling. Analisis data yang akan digunakan adalah: univariabel menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, bivariabel menggunakan Chi-square dan multivariabel menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil: hasil penelitian menggambarkan ibu hamil perokok pasif yang terpapar asap rokok 1-10 batang perhari berisiko 2,4 kali lebih sering untuk terjadinya bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) dengan OR=2,42 95%CI 1,24-4,71. Ibu hamil yang terpapar asap rokok ≥11batang perhari berisiko 3,1 kali lebih sering mengalami BBLR dibanding ibu yang tidak terpapar (OR=3,1 95%CI 1,50-6,70). Kesimpulan: ibu hamil perokok pasif selama kehamilan dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kelahiran bayi berat lahir rendah

Background: The contribution toward new born baby mortality was the most dominant factor as the consequence of low birth weight baby. Baby who was born with less than 2,500 gram of weight was 40 times more in experienced mortality in the first four weeks. The needed budget for low birth weight baby was also higher than baby with sufficient birth weighted. The determinant of low birth baby weight involved many factors, which one of them was pregnant woman who became passive smoker. The smoke cigarette which was being inhaled intentionally or unintentionally by pregnant woman could give a bad impact for the mother and her fetus. Objective: This research was aimed to find out the risk of low birth weight baby in the passive smoker pregnant woman. Method: This was an observational research that used case control study design. The subject of the research was mother who delivered in BPK RSU dr. Zainoel Abidin in Banda Aceh municipality. The subject in the case group was mother who delivered baby with less than 2,500 gram of weight and mother who delivered baby with more than or the same with 2,500 gram of weight was included in the control group. The number of the subject for each group was 105 (1:1). The sample was taken with non probability sampling with consecutive sampling method. Data analysis was univariable that used frequency distribution, and bivariable that used chi square and multivariable that used logistic regression. Result: The research result showed that the passive smoker pregnant woman who was exposed the smoke 1-10 cigarettes a day could be risked 2,4 more often for the low birth weight baby (BBLR) with OR=2,42 CI 1,24- 4,71. Pregnant mother who was exposed by ≥11 cigarette a day which had the risk of 3,1 more often in experiencing BBLR compared than pregnant mother who did not exposed (OR=3,1 CI 1,50-6,70). Conclusion: The passive smoker of pregnant mother during pregnancy could increase the risk of low birth weight baby.

Kata Kunci : Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah,Ibu Hamil Perokok Pasif,risk, low birth weight baby, passive smoker, pregnant woman