Proses pengobatan massal filariasis di Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai

TOMAR SB, Prof.dr. Hari Kusnanto J., DrPH

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Kebij. dan Manaj. Pe

Latar Belakang: Kabupaten Mentawai terdiri dari 4 kecamatan, 43 desa dan 210 dusun yang tersebar di 4 pulau: Pagai Utara, Pagai Selatan, Sipora dan Siberut. Penduduknya berjumlah 70.217 jiwa, tinggal di sepanjang pantai, dengan mata pencaharian utama pertanian dan sebagian bekerja sebagai nelayan. Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai telah ditemukan kasus filariasis akut sebanyak 11 orang, sehingga dilakukan pengobatan massal. Pengobatan massal filariasis bertujuan memutus mata rantai penularan dan mengurangi dampak kecatatan akibat manifestasi kronik penyakit ini. Metode pengobatan massal yang digunakan adalah DEC dengan dosis standar, diberikan sekali setahun. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengobatan massal filariasis di Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan rancangan studi kasus jenis kualitatif, melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan cek dokumen pelaksanaan pengobatan massal filariasis. Hasil dan pembahasan: Cakupan pengobatan masal filariasis selama 3 tahun mengalami penurunan dan efektifitas program tersebut hanya mencapai 1,96 persen atau rata-rata 0,65 per tahun. Ketersediaan SDM, dana dan sarana untuk pelaksanaan pengobatan masal filariasis cukup memadai, namun ketiadaan pedoman pelaksanaan yang mendetil menyebabkan efisiensi pelaksanaan kurang optimal dan kebijakan minum obat di rumah menyebabkan efektifitas pengobatan kurang optimal karena kontrol petugas melemah. Dalam proses pelaksanaan pengobatan masal filariasis, puskesmas tidak dilibatkan dalam penyusunan perencanaan program tersebut dan sosialisasi program ke masyarakat belum dijalankan. Kesimpulan: Efektifitas belum optimal dan efisiensi semakin menurun disebabkan oleh manajemen program yang kurang bagus. Walaupun ketersediaan inputnya memadai.

Background: The district of Mentawai consisted of 4 sub districts, 43 villages and 210 sub villages which was distributed in 4 islands; north Pagai, south Pagai, Sipora and Siberut. The community of Mentawai district was 70.127 people who live in the beach shore with main income of agriculture and some of them were fisherman. In the district of Mentawai, it was found 11 cases of chronic filariasis so that there was mass treatment being conducted. The mass treatment of filariasis was aimed to resolve the transmission chain and decreased the impact of handicapped as the result of disease chronic manifestation. The method of mass treatment being used was DEC with standard dosage that was given once a year. Objective: This research was aimed to find out the mass treatment process of filariasis in the district of Mentawai archipelago. Method: This was a case study that used qualitative method through in-depth interview, observation and document check of filariasis mass treatment. Result and discussion: The coverage of filariasis mass treatment during 3 years was decreased and the effectiveness of the program was reached up to 1,96 percent or in a average of 0,65 per year. The availability of human resources, funding and facility for the implementation of mass treatment was quite sufficient although there was no guidance on the detail implementation that caused the efficiency on the implementation was not very optimum and the policy of consuming drugs in the house caused the effectiveness on the treatment was not very optimum as there was lack of officer’s control. In the process of filariasis mass treatment, the Primary Health Care was not involved in the arrangement of program planning and program socialization to the community was not yet conducted. Conclusion: The effectiveness was not yet optimum and the efficiency was decreased which caused by the lack of program management although input’s availability was sufficient.

Kata Kunci : Layanan Kesehatan,Pengobatan Massal,Filariasis