Risiko keterpaparan bakteriologis air minum pada konsumen depot air minum ulang di Kabupaten Purworejo
WIBOWO, Bekti, Prof.Dr.dr. Soebijanto
2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan KerjaKetersediaan air minum, terutama di perkotaan, sebagian disuplai oleh depot air minum isi ulang (DAMIU). Konsumsi produk DAMIU dirasakan konsumennya lebih praktis dan murah. Hasil uji pendahuluan dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan produk beberapa DAMIU mengandung bakteri coliform yang menandakan tercemar sehingga tidak layak dikonsumsi manusia. Untuk itu, perlu diperiksa kualitas bakteriologis produk semua DAMIU dan dikaji risiko keterpaparan bakteriologis produknya serta besar risiko keterpaparan tersebut pada konsumennya. Jenis penelitian ini observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ialah semua DAMIU sebanyak 20 unit (total populasi), tiap unit terambil 1 sampel produk jadi sebelum dikonsumsi, lalu dikirim ke laboratorium guna diperiksa kandungan coliform dengan metode MPN (most probable number). Semua faktor keterpaparan tersebut (produksi, konsumen, kapasitas alat, kandungan coliform, dan jenis teknologi pengolahan air) merupakan variabel bebas, sedangkan variabel terikat ialah risiko keterpaparan dibentuk dari penggabungan faktor produksi dan kandungan coliform, dan disusun berdasarkan kriteria tertentu Hasilnya, sebanyak 15% populasi DAMIU, termasuk berisiko tinggi terpapar bakteri (coliform). Beberapa korelasi terjadi di antara variabel bebas, serta adanya korelasi kuat arah negatif (koefisien korelasi=-0,572 p sign.2 tailed=0,008<0,05) antara jumlah produksi harian DAMIU dengan risiko keterpaparan bakteriologis produknya, dan tidak adanya korelasi antara variabel bukan-produksi dengan risiko keterpaparannya. Odds Ratio (OR) konsumen DAMIU (terfokus pada 8 kecamatan tempat DAMIU berada) sebesar 0,923. Odds Ratio tertinggi berada di Kecamatan Purworejo (OR=1,72) yang merupakan pusat pemerintahan kabupaten dan terendah berada di wilayah utara (OR=0) Kesimpulannya, hanya jumlah produksi harian DAMIU yang berkorelasi (arah negatif) dengan risiko keterpaparan bakteriologis produk DAMIU pada konsumennya dan tingkat risiko keterpaparan yang hampir sama besarnya antara konsumen DAMIU dengan yang bukan-konsumen (OR=0,923 mendekati 1).
The drinking water availability, especially in urban area, part was supplied by refill drinking water vendors (DAMIU). The consumption of DAMIU product be deemed by its consumers more practical and cheaper. The result from preliminary probe through laboratory probe showed that the product of some DAMIU contains coliform bacteries that indicated that the water had a pollution, thus it isn’t feasible to be consumed. For that, it is needed that the bacteriologic quality of all DAMIU’s product, and to study bacteriologic exposure risk of them and its risk level on their consumers This research type was observational research with cross-sectional design. The sample was all of DAMIU, about 20 units (total of population), each unit be taken one final product-ready be consumed sample, then be sent to laboratory for coliform content probe by MPN method. All of that exposure factors (production, consumers, equipment capacity, coliform content, and the type of water treatment technology) form of independent variables, while the dependent variable was the bacteriologic exposure risk, be formed by integration of production and coliform content factors, and be arranged based on certain criterion. This results were, about 15% of the DAMIU population, belonging on high risk to get the bacterial exposure risk. Some of correlation exist among the exposure factors (independent variables), as well as there are strong correlation in negative direction (correlation coefficient=-0.572; p sign. 2 tailed=0.008<0.05) between DAMIU daily production volume with the bacteriologic exposure risk of their products, and there are no correlation between each non-production factor with the bacteriologic exposure risk. The Odds Ratio value of DAMIU’s consumers (focused in 8 sub-district of they been located) was 0.923. The Odds Ratio value highest in Purworejo Sub-District (OR=1.72) that form of this district government center and the lowest in north area (OR=0). This conclutions were, only DAMIU’s daily production volume that had correlation with the bacteriologic exposure risk of DAMIU’s products on their consumers, and exposure risk level that almost the same as between DAMIU’s consumers and their non-consumers (OR=0.923; close to 1).
Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Lingkungan,Kualitas Air,Pengolahan,Bakteriologis,The Bacteriologic Exposure Risk, Correlation, and The Odds Ratio
