Studi pengembangan produk wisata alam di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Palung Kalimantan Barat

RUSITA, Prof.Dr.Ir. H. Chafid Fandeli, MS

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan (Manaj. Konservasi Sumberdaya Al

Taman Nasional Gunung Palung yang terletak di Kalimantan Barat memiliki beragam potensi dan daya tarik yang dapat dijadikan obyek wisata alam. Namun, karena kawasan ini kawasan konservasi maka segala bentuk pemanfaatan terhadap sumberdaya alamnya harus sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah konservasi guna menjaga kelestariannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi potensi dan daya tarik sumberdaya alam berupa Air Terjun Lubuk Baji dan Air Terjun Riam Berasap serta mengidentifikasi kualitas flora, fauna serta kemenarikan lanskap. Di samping itu juga untuk mengetahui bentuk peran serta masyarakat maka dilakukan kajian mengenai persepsi dan preferensi masyarakat dan wisatawan terhadap rencana pengembangan obyek tersebut dan selanjutnya juga sebagai pembatas terhadap wisatawan maka dihitung nilai indeks penutupan lahan dan daya dukungnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey dan wawancara dengan pendekatan kuntitatif dan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan lapangan, pengambilan samp el, wawancara dengan responden dan pencatatan serta dokumentasi. Identifikasi potensi produk wisata dilakukan dengan skoring, pengambilan data flora dengan kuadaran, data fauna dikumpulkan dengan penjelajahan dan informasi dari penduduk, data persepsi wisatawan diambil dari penyebaran kuisioner kepada responden yang diambil secara accidental sampling, persepsi masyarakat secara proposive sampling, data indeks penutupan lahan dan daya dukung dengan pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel di lapangan. Selanjutnya untuk menentukan arah pengembangan dilakukan analisa SWOT yang secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui potensinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa obyek wisata Air terjun Lubuk Baji termasuk dalam kualitas rendah dan Air Terjun Riam Berasap masuk dalam kategori kualitas tinggi, keanekaragaman flora dan faunanya baik, indeks penutupan lahannya cukup memuaskan, persepsi dari masayarakat yang mendukung, serta daya dukung kawasan Lubuk Baji sebanyak 19 orang perhari dan Riam Berasap sebanyak 6 orang perhari. Selanjutnya, potensi penghasilan tiap-tiap lokasi adalah : Lubuk Baji sekitar Rp. 19.000,-/ hari – Rp. 95.000,-/ hari dan Riam Berasap sekitar Rp. 6.000,-/ hari – Rp. 30.000,-/ hari Rencana pengembangan wisata alam Air Terjun Lubuk Baji dan Air Terjun Riam Berasap di TNGP dapat diimplementasikan dengan pengembangan produk wisata dan berdasarkan daya dukung kawasan. Di samping itu pengembangan berdasarkan konsep kemitraan dan partisifatif dengan berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan. Untuk itu perlu didukung oleh penelitian lebih lanjut baik secara ekologi, teknis maupun ekonomis.

Mount Palung National Park that is located on West Kalimantan has various potentials and interests as a natural tourism object. However, the exploitation of its potentials and interests should be appropriate to the conservation principle since this area belongs to conservation territory. The research was intended to examine the condition of potentials and interests of the existing natural resources; they are Lubuk Baji and Riam Berasap waterfalls. Besides, the research was intended to identify the quality of vegetation, wildlife, and surrounding landscapes. Furthermore, investigation on local inhabitants and visitors’ perception and preference toward object development plan was also carried out in order to figure out their participations. Afterwards, visitors boundary was primarily based on the calculation of ground cover index and its carrying capacity. The research made use of survey and interviews as its research instruments and applied the qualitative and quantitative approach. Primary data gathering was conducted field observation, samples selection, interviews, field notes, and documentation. Identification of tourism product was carried out through scoring system. Data gathering on vegetation was conducted through quadrant analysis. Wildlife condition was observed from field exploration and local inhabitants’ information. Visitors’ perception was concluded from questionnaire distribution to purposive samp ling respondents. Ground cover index and its carrying capacity were obtained from field observation. Afterwards, descriptive SWOT analysis was performed in order to figure out the potentials and the direction of development. The results of the research showed that Lubuk Baji waterfall had poor product quality with average landscape quality whereas Riam Berasap waterfall had considerably good product and landscape quality. Both of them had rich biodiversity, satisfactory ground cover index, and supporting perception from local inhabitants. There were approximately nineteen visitors in one day at Lubuk Baji area and approximately six visitors in one day at Riam Berasap area as their carrying capacity. In addition, daily revenue ranged from Rp. 19.000,00 – Rp. 95.000,00 for Lubuk Baji area and Rp. 6.000,00 – Rp. 30.000,00 for Riam Berasap area. Natural resource development plan for Lubuk Baji and Riam Berasap waterfalls in Mount Palung National Park could be implemented along with the tourism product development that was based on its territorial carrying capacity. Besides, the development was based on cooperation and active participation from officially authorized parties. Therefore, further research on ecology, technical as well as economical sector are absolute necessities in order to sustain the continuous development.

Kata Kunci : Wisata Alam,Taman Nasional,Pengembangan, object, conservation, natural tourism, Mount Palung National Park