Struktur dan peran artropoda pada ekosistem jeruk di Kabupaten Muna Sulawesi Tenggara

ZAITUN, Prof.Dr.Ir. FX. Wagiman, SU

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk analisis kondisi ekosistem jeruk dengan indikator status artropoda dalam jejaring makanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam bulan April 2007 di Desa Suka Damai, Kecamatan Tikep, Kabupaten Muna, Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, pada kebun jeruk yang belum menghasilkan (TBM) dan yang telah menghasilkan (TM). Sebanyak 100 pohon sampel di kebun TBM dan 100 pohon di kebun TM diambil secara acak selama 10 kali pengamatan dengan selang waktu 3 hari. Artropoda pada permukaan tanah di bawah kanopi jeruk sampel ditangkap dengan pitfall trap. Artropoda pada gulma di bawah kanopi pohon jeruk sampel ditangkap dengan sweep net. Artropoda pada kanopi pohon jeruk TBM dan satu cabang pada pohon TM ditangkap menggunakan kerudung plastik. Pengamatan in situ untuk artropoda pasif pada pohon jeruk sampel. Artropoda hasil koleksi diidentifikasi dan dikelompokkan menurut kelompok sistimatikanya dan statusnya sebagai hama, musuh alami, dan artropoda lain. Indeks Shannon-Wienner dipakai sebagai indikator keragaman artropoda. Kondisi ekosistem jeruk dianalisis dengan menggunakan model piktorial. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kondisi ekosistem kebun jeruk TBM dan TM relatif stabil ditunjukan oleh hubungan antara hama, musuh alami, dan artropoda lain dimana titik-titik koordinatnya berada diantara sudut hama dan sudut musuh alami. Artropoda yang ditemukan di kedua kebun terdiri atas 9 ordo, pada kebun TBM terdapat 43 famili, pada kebun TM 45 famili. Artropoda pada kebun TM lebih melimpah daripada TBM. Secara umum artropoda pada kebun TBM yang berperan sebagai hama 34,8%, musuh alami 55%, artropoda lain 10,2% dan artropoda pada kebun TM yang berperan sebagai hama 40,6%, musuh alami 53% dan artropoda lain 6,4%. Keragaman artropoda cukup tinggi yang ditunjukan oleh indeks Shannon-Wienner pada kelompok famili di kebun TBM sebesar 1,104 dan pada kebun TM sebesar 1,084.

This research aimed to analysis citrus ecosystem condition with arthropods status in the food web as an indicator. The research was carried out during April 2007 in Suka Damai Village, Tikep Subdistrict, Muna District, Southheast Sulawesi Province, at citrus garden which has not been producing yet (PNP) and has been producing (PP). As many as 100 sample trees at garden PNP and 100 sample trees at garden PP were taken at random for 10 times with times interval of 3 days. Arthropods soil on surface under citrus canopy were catched with pitfall trap. Arthropods at weeds under citrus canopy were catched with sweep net. Arthropods on citrus canopy PNP and one stem on tree PP catched with plastic veil. In situ observations for passive arthropods were wondersed trees. These arthropods were indentified and grouped according their systematic group and their status as pest, natural enemy, and others. Shannon-Wienner index was used to indicate their diversity. Citrus ecosystem condition was analyzed with pictorial model. The citrus garden ecosystem condition PNP and PP were resulth showed that relative stable as showed by relationship between pest, natural enemy, and another artrhropods at which their coordinates existing at between corners of pest and natural enemy. Arthropods at the two garden belonged to nine nine orders, at garden PNP there were 43 families, at garden PP there were 45 families. Arthropods at garden PP were more abundance then at PNP. Commonly arthropods at garden PNP were as 34,8%, natural enemy 55%, another arthropods 10,2% and at garden PP were as pest 40,6%, natural enemy 53% and others 6,4%. Arthropods deversity was high as showed by Shannon-Wienner indeks at family group at PNP garden ca 1,104 and at PP ca 1,084.

Kata Kunci : Artropoda,Ekosistem Jeruk, Arthropods, Pictorial, Citrus