Analisis pertumbuhan ekonomi dan keunggulan sektor pertanian Indonesia

FITRIANA, Nur, Prof.Dr.Ir. Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto, MS

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sektor unggulan setiap propinsi di Indonesia, untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), untuk mengetahui kontribusi masing-masing sektor terhadap PDB dan PDRB dan untuk mengetahui trend kontribusi sektor ekonomi PDB. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik tentang Produk Domestik Bruto dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto atas dasar harga konstan. Data tersebut meliputi semua propinsi selama rentang waktu 1984-2003. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis tabel, location quotient, shift-share dan Klassen Typology. Laju pertumbuhan Produk Domestik Bruto berfluktuasi dan bernilai positif kecuali pada tahun 1998 akibat dari pengaruh krisis keuangan. Berdasarkan analisis shift-share, faktor penentu pertumbuhan ekonomi semua propinsi adalah national share. Kontribusi sektor pertanian, sektor pertambangan dan penggalian dan sektor jasa-jasa menurun. Kontribusi sektor industri pengolahan; sektor listrik, gas dan air bersih; sektor perdagangan, restoran dan hotel dan sektor pengangkutan dan komunikasi meningkat. Kontribusi sektor konstruksi dan sektor keuangan, sewa bangunan dan jasa perusahaan berfluktuasi. Hasil dari analisis trend, semua sektor (kecuali sektor keuangan, sewa bangunan dan jasa perusahaan mengikuti pola kuadratik. Sektor keuangan, sewa bangunan dan jasa perusahaan mengikuti pola linear. Sektor pertanian menjadi sektor unggulan pada 26 propinsi, kecuali Kalimantan Timur, Banten, Jawa Barat dan Jakarta. Sektor pertambangan dan penggalian unggul di 6 propinsi. Sektor industri pengolahan unggul di 6 propinsi. Sektor listrik, gas dan air bersih unggul di 6 propinsi. Sektor konstruksi unggul di 13 propinsi. Sektor perdagangan, restoran dan hotel unggul di 10 propinsi. Sektor transportasi dan komunikasi unggul di 18 propinsi. Sektor keuangan, sewa bangunan dan jasa perusahaan unggul di 2 propinsi. Sektor jasa-jasa unggul di 21 propinsi.

The study aims to measure growth rate of economic sector based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), to determine contribution of economic sector to GDP, to measure contribution trend of economic sector of GDP and to determine basic sectors in provinces. The data that used is a secondary data from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) about Gross Regional Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product according to constant price in 1993. Data included overall provinces in Indonesia among 1984- 2003. Table analisis, location quotient (LQ), shift-share and Typologi Klassen is used to analysis data. The growth rate of GDP is positively fluctuated except at 1998 because due to economic crisis. Based on shift-share Analysis, there are overall provinces that the economic growth determinant factor in national share. Based on Table analysis, contribution of agriculture sector; mining and quarrying sector and services sector were decreased. Contribution of manufacturing industries sector; electricity, gas and water supply sector; trade, restaurant and hotel sector and transportation and communication sector were increased. Contribution of construction sector and finance, rent of building and business sector were fluctuated. The result of trend analysis, overall sector (except finance, rent of building sector and business sector) were follow quadratic pattern. Therefore; finance, rent of building sector and business sector was follow linear pattern. Agriculture sector was the basic sector in 26 provinces, except East Kalimantan, Banten, West Java and Jakarta. Mining and quarrying sector was the basic sector in 6 provinces. Manufacturing industries sector was the basic sector in 6 provinces. Electricity, gas and water supply sector was the basic sector in 6 provinces. Construction sector was the basic sector in 13 provinces. Trade, restaurant and hotel sector was the basic sector in 10 provinces. Transportation and communication sector was the basic sector in 18 provinces. Finance, rent of building and business sector was the basic sector in 2 provinces. Services sector was the basic sector in 21 provinces

Kata Kunci : Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Sektor Pertanian, Gross Domestic Product, Gross Domestic Regional Product, Klassen Typology, location quotient and shift-share