Biological control of tomato bacterial wilt by treatment of tomato seed and root with suspension of Pseudomonas putida (Pf-20)

THAN, Win, Dr.Ir. Tri Widodo Arwiyanto, M.Sc

2007 | Tesis | S2 Fitopatologi

Tomat merupakan salah satu sayuran utama di dunia. Penyakit layu bakteri pada tomat yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum merupakan salah satu faktor penghambat dalam produksi tomat. Penyakit tersebut menurunkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat. Penelitian ini tertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aplikasi strain Pseudomonas putida (Pf-20) dalam mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri di lapangan. Benih tomat diperlakukan terlebih dahulu sebelum ditanam. Aplikasi Pf-20 dilakukan melalui perendaman akar bibit tomat dalam suspensi Pf-20 (108 cfu/ml), suspensi Pf-20 + 100 ppm Tween 20, suspensi Pf-20 + 200 ppm Tween 20, suspensi Pf-20 + 300 ppm Tween 20, dan serta air steril sebagai kontrol. Rerata insiden penyakit dan indeks penyakit yang tertinggi diperoleh pada kontrol, masing-masing sebesar 61.11% dan 54.44%. Rerata insiden penyakit terendah terjadi pada perlakuan Pf-20 + 200 ppm Tween 20 (16.67%), sedangkan rerata indeks penyakit terendah pada perlakuan Pf-20 dan Pf-20 + 200 ppm Tween 20 masing-masing (15.55%). Rerata insiden penyakit dan indeks penyakit pada perlakuan Pf-20 dan Pf-20 + Tween 20 pada berbagai konsentrasi nyata lebih rendah dibanding kontrol. Penambahan Tween-20 pada suspensi Pf-20 tidak secara nyata mempengaruhi insiden penyakit bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan suspensi Pf-20 saja.

Tomato is one of the most popular vegetables in the world. Bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the potential threats to successful tomato cultivation. It seriously affects the growth and yield of tomato. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of antagonistic Pseudomonas putida strain (Pf-20) in controlling bacterial wilt of tomato caused by R. solanacearum in the field. In this experiment, the seeds were treated and addition to root dipping with Pseudomonas putida strain (Pf-20) bacterial suspension containing 108 cfu/ml as treatments A (Pf-20 only), B (Pf-20 + 100 ppm Tween 20), C (Pf-20 + 200 ppm Tween 20), D (Pf-20 + 300 ppm Tween 20) and control E (Sterile water). The average hightest bacterial wilt disease incidence (61.11%) and disease index (54.44%) were recorded in control E. Moreover, the lowest average disease index (15.55%) was found in treatment A and C, and the lowest average disease incidence (16.67%) was found in treatment C. The disease incidence and disease index of the treatments A, B, C, and D containing Pseudomonas putida strain (Pf-20) were significantly different in contrast with that of control E. Although different concentration of Tween 20%(100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm) were used in the treatments B, C, and D, there was not statistically significant in disease incidence and disease index among them.

Kata Kunci : Penyakit Tanaman,Layu Bakteri,Pengendalian Hayati,Pf,20, Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas putida strain (Pf-20), tomato, biocontrol