Kajian Willingness to Pay pelanggan rumah tangga pada pelayanan air bersih melalui metode Contingent Valuation Method :: Studi kasus di PDAM Sleman

SAPTONO, Heru, Hardo Basuki, Dr.,M.Soc.Sc

2007 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kemauan untuk membayar (Willingness to pay) calon pelanggan PDAM Kabupaten Sleman sehingga dapat diketahui tingkat keterjangkauan tarif dari sisi konsumen dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, serta untuk mengetahui kuat atau lemahnya hubungan antar dua variabel dan arah hubungannya. Penelitian ini di lakukan di wilayah daerah pelayanan PDAM Kabupaten Sleman dengan subyek penelitian adalah calon pelanggan PDAM dengan menggunakan koesioner. Metode yang digunakan adalah Contingent Valuation Methode (CVM). Metode ini menanyakan berapakah jumlah maksimum uang yang ingin dibayar (willingness to pay) oleh seseorang atau rumah tangga setiap bulan atau setiap tahunnya. Hasil analisis terhadap responden menunjukan 55,1 % menyatakan WTPnya antara Rp.30.000 – Rp. 40.000; 29% menyatakan WTP-nya sebesar dibawah Rp.30.000,-; sejumlah 14,5 % responden menyatakan WTP-nya sebesar Rp.40.000 – Rp. 60.000 sisanya sejumlah 1,4 % menyatakan WTP-nya diatas Rp.60.000 Studi terhadap responden pelanggan PDAM Kabupaten Sleman dengan menggunakan analisis chi-square ternyata terdapat korelasi antara willingness to pay dengan faktor faktor seperti : Pendapatan keluarga (p=0,001); Jumlah penghuni rumah (p=0,005), Status kepemilikan rumah (p=0,008), Biaya pemasangan (p=0,00), Kuantitas (p=,0,58)dan status kepemilikan sumur (p=0,006). Semua nilai p yang ada diatas adalah lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka dapat dikatakan masing-masing variabel secara sendiri-sendiri berhubungan dengan besaran WTP calon pelanggan kecuali variabel kuantitas (p=,0,58) tidak berhubungan secara bermakna dengan WTP. Penelitian terhadap sejauhnama kekuatan hubungan antara dua variabel yang dapat dilihat dari koefiesien kontingensi (C) dapat dilaporkan bahwa variabel pendapatan keluarga memiliki koefien kontingensi (C) 0,57 (sangat kuat); variabel jumlah penghuni rumah memiliki angka C sebesar 0,49 (cukup kuat); variabel biaya pemasangan C sebesar 0,48 (cukup kuat); variabel kepemilikan sumur sendiri memiliki nilai C sebesar 0,38 (lemah) ; variabel status kepemilikan rumah C-nya sebesar 0,38 (lemah) dan variabel kuantitas nilai C sebesar 0,17 (sangat lemah). Kesemuanya nilai C adalah positiv artinya hubungan antar variabel diatas adalah searah.

This study was aimed to find out the degree of willingness to pay (WTP) among the candidate of customers of the Municipal Waterworks (PDAM) of Sleman district so that the affordability of service tariff from the customers position and the factors that influenced it could be determined. This study also aimed to find out the strengths or the weaknesses of the relationship between the two variables and their directions. This study was carried out within the areas served by the Municipal Waterworks of Sleman district with the subjects of study consisting of candidate of customers of the Municipal Waterworks who were asked to complete questionnaires. The method of study was Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) which inquired the maximum amount of money that an individual or a household wanted to spend (willingness to pay) for the Municipal Waterworks services on a monthly or yearly basis. Results of analysis on the respondents’ responses indicated that 55.1% respondents had the WTP between Rp.30,000 - Rp. 40,000; 29% respondents had the WTP under Rp.30,000,-; 14.5% respondents had the WTP between Rp.40,000-Rp. 60,000, and; the rest of 1.4 % respondents had the WTP above Rp.60,000. The chi-square analysis on the respondents’ responses indicated that there were correlations between the willingness to pay and the factors of household income (p=0.001); number of family members (p=0.005), status of house ownership (p=0.008), installation cost (p=0.00), quantity (p=.0.58), and status of well ownership (p=0,006). Since all p values above were lower than 0.05, each of the variables above had a correlation with the degree of WTP among the customer candidates, except the variable of quantity (p=.0.58) which had no significant correlation with the WTP. In terms of the degree of strength between two variables, which could be observed from the coefficient of contingency (C), it was indicated that the variable of family income had a coefficient value (C) of 0.57 (very strong); variable of number of family members had a C value of 0.49 (quite strong); variable of installation cost had a C value of 0.48 (quite strong); variable of private well ownership had a C value of 0.38 (weak); variable of status of house ownership had a C value of 0.38 (weak), and variable of quantity had a C value of 0.17 (very weak). All the C values were positive, meaning that the relationships between the variables above were in the same direction.

Kata Kunci : Ekonomi Lingkungan,Willingness to Pay,Contingent Valuation Method,willingness to pay, family income, number of family members, status of house ownership, installation cost, quantity, status of well ownership