Evaluasi implementasi kebijakan subsidi sarana dan prasarana gedung pendidikan :: Studi kasus di Propinsi DKI Jakarta

NEGUS, Prof.Dr. Zamroni

2007 | Tesis | Magister Administrasi Publik

Seiring dengan implementasi kebijakan Subsidi Sarana dan Prasarana Gedung Pendidikan, khususnya di wilayah Propinsi DKI Jakarta, pada awal tahun 2003 terlihat sejumlah sekolah di wilayah Propinsi DKI Jakarta justru mengalami kerusakan berat. Hal ini mengundang pertanyaan bagaimana sesungguhnya implementasi kebijakan tersebut di lapangan. Untuk menemukan jawabannya, diperlukan evaluasi, sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi dan mengenatahui kendala-kendala implementasi kebijakan Subsidi Sarana dan Prasarana Gedung Pendidikan di wilayah Propinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan melibatkan responden/informan sebanyak 60 orang yang terdiri dari kepala sekolah, ketua komite, anggota komite, perencana dan pengawas . Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kues ioner, wawancara, observasi dan penelusuran dokumentasi. Data -data diolah melalui proses editing, coding dan analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan subsidi sarana dan prasarana gedung pendidikan di Propinsi DKI Jakarta tidak sesuai dengan petunjuk pelaksanaannya, baik pada tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan maupun monitoring, sehingga berdampak pada realisasi pembangunan gedung yang nilai bangunannya tidak sesuai dengan besarnya nilai subsidi yang diberikan. Selain itu, juga ditemukan sejumlah kendala dalam implementasi kebijakan tersebut, yaitu adanya dominasi kerjasama kepala sekolah dan ketua komite sekolah dalam menggunakan dana subsidi, minimnya partisipasi anggota komite sekolah dalam proses implementasi penggunaan dana subsidi dan terbatasnya pengawasan dari pihak penyenggara proyek pemberi bantuan (Ditjen Dikdasmen Depdiknas) dan Dinas Pendidikan setempat. Berasarkan temuan tersebut, maka dalam pemberikan subsidi di masa mendatang, pemerintah pusat harus terlebih dahulu memberikan informasi kepada stakeholders sekolah untuk menghindari atau mereduksi potensi terjadinya penyimpangan. Selain itu, tugas perencanaan dan pengawasan pembangunan gedung hendaknya diberikan sepenuhnya kepada siswa agar siswa memperoleh pengalaman empirik di lapangan. Pendamping dari sekolah yang diwakili guru hendaknya murni berperan sebagai pendamping dan tidak bertindak terlalu jauh yang justru dapat menghapus tujuan dan esensi pembelajaran yang dititipkan melalui program pemberian subsidi sarana dan prasarana pembangunan gedung sekolah.

In line with the implementation of the Subsidizing Policy for Construction of Structure and Infrastructure of Educational Buildings, particularly in the region of the Province of DKI Jakarta, in early of 2003 a number of schools in this region, on the contrary, were in great damage. This situation calls for a question, how did the implementation of the policy really take place in practice? To find an answer, there must be an evaluation. So, the aim of this survey is to evaluate and to know the constraints while implementing the Subsidizing Policy for the Structure and Infrastructure of the Educational Buildings in the region of the Province of DKI Jakarta. This survey employs descriptive method, involving as many as 60 respondents/informants, consisting of schoolmasters, head of school committee, members of committee, designers and controllers. Data collection is done through distribution of questionnaires, interviews, observations as well as documentation tracing. Data are processed through editing, coding and analysis The outcome of this research shows that the implementation of the subsidy for the structure and infrastructure of the educational buildings in the Province of DKI Jakarta doesn’t match with the implementation guide, either during the stage of design, implementation, or monitoring, in that it impacts against the realization of building constructions, where the values of the buildings are different from the subsidizing values provided. Besides, there are also a number of constraints found while implementing the policy, i.e. some dominating collusion between the schoolmasters and heads of school committees in utilizing the subsidy funds, minimum participation of the members of school committees during the implementation process of the fund utilization, and lacking of control done by the projects owner/donor (Directorate General of Elementary and Middle Education, Ministry of National Education) and local Educational Board. Based on those findings, the author suggests that in the future, while providing subsidy, the central government shall firstly inform the stakeholders of a school to avoid, or reduce, any potential violations. Moreover, the tasks of designing and control of the building construction shall be authorized fully to the students, in order to give them empirical experience in the field. An associate, acted by a teacher shall be purely characterized as an associate and not acting too far as to cause overriding the aims and essence of teaching-learning conveyed by the program of providing subsidy for the structure and infrastructure of school buildings construction.

Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Publik,Subsidi Sarana dan Prasarana Pendidikan