Optimasi produksi minyak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) dan identifikasi senyawa volatilnya

PRATIWI, Ery, Ir. Suwedo Hadiwiyoto, MS.,M.Phil

2007 | Tesis | S2 Teknologi Hasil Perkebunan

Telah dilakukan penelitian yang mengkaji optimasi produksi dan identifikasi komponen penyusun minyak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum proses produksi dengan distilasi uap air dan mengetahui komponen minyak daun salam Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi: (1) menentukan lama pengeringan, (2) menentukan air distilasi, (3) menentukan lama distilasi, (4) Menentukan kondisi optimum proses produksi minyak daun salam, (5) Produksi dan identifikasi komponen serta sifat fisiko kimiawi minyak daun salam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen minyak daun salam dipengaruhi oleh lama pengeringan, rasio bahan dan air distilasi, serta lama distilasi. Kondisi optimum proses distilasi uap air minyak daun salam adalah pada lama pengeringan 11,99 jam, air distilasi 4,43 liter dan lama distilasi 4,23 jam. Pada kondisi tersebut diperoleh rendemen 0,09% dan kadar nerolidol 0,07 mg/μl. Dengan kromatografi gas diperoleh 36 komponen minyak daun salam dengan lima komponen utama dengan konsentrasi relatif lebih besar yaitu oktanal (7,22%), decenal (26,28%), dodecanal (3,79%), alpha caryophyllene (1,51%) dan Nerolidol (3,66%). Hasil karakterisasi sifat fisiko kimiawi minyak daun salam meliputi bobot jenis 0.9097, Kelarutan dalam alkohol 90% 4 vol, indeks refraksi 0,472, putaran optik -4,68, bilangan asam 5,29% dan bilangan ester 2,95%.

A research studying optimization of production and identification of component composing leaf oil of Indonesian bay-leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) has been conducted. The research aimed to optimize the condition of production process by steam and water distillation and to identify components of the oil. The research was applied into (1) determination of drying time, (2) determination of the amount at water need for distillation, (3) determination of distillation time, (4) determination of optimum condition of production process of leaf oil, and (5) identification of components and characterization of physical and chemical properties of leaf oil. The result showed that the yield of leaf oil was influenced by drying time, leafwater for distillation ratio, and distillation time. The optimum condition of steam and water distillation were 11.99 hours for drying time, 4.43 liters for water need, and 4.23 hours for distillation time. The yield and nerolidol content at those condition were 0.1% and 0.07 mg/μl, respectivelly. Data from gas chromatogram profiles showed that the oil consist of 36 components, five of those have relatively great concentration, assumed as octanal (7.22%), decenal (26.28%), dodecanal (3.79%), α- Caryophyllene (1.51%), and Nerolidol (3.66%). Physical and chemical properties at the oil included specific gravity was 0.9097, alcohol solubility was 4 vol, refraction index (nD) was 0.472, specific optical rotation (αD) was -4,68, acid number was 5.29%, and ester number was 2.95%.

Kata Kunci : Minyak Atsiri,Daun Salam,Optimasi Produksi, optimization, essential oil, Indonesian bay-leaf, nerolidol