Analisis harmonik pada sistem distribusi
GUSNITA, Novi, Ir. Tumiran, M.Eng.,Ph.D
2007 | Tesis | S2 Teknik ElektroSalah satu permasalahan kualitas daya adalah permasalahan harmonik. Harmonik adalah sebagai salah satu komponen sinusoidal dari satu periode gelombang yang mempunyai frekuensi yang merupakan kelipatan bulat dari frekuensi fundamentalnya. Distorsi harmonik dari bentuk gelombang sinusoidal tegangan dan arus yang timbul atau muncul pada jaringan selalu dipicu oleh beban-beban taklinear. Jenis beban non linear salah satunya adalah adjustable speed drives (ASD). Harmonik ini sangat mengganggu bahkan merugikan sistem bila melebihi batas standar yang ditetapkan. Oleh karena itu, peraturan Standar IEEE 519-1992 untuk pengendalian harmonik dalam sistem daya listrik telah diterbitkan dipakai sebagai acuan dalam menetapkan batas tegangan dan arus harmonik maksimum yang masuk ke jaringan distribusi. Penelitian ini bertnujuan untuk untuk mengetahui distorsi tegangan dan arus yang terjadi pada bus akibat kehadiran beban tak linear. Simulasikan dengan menggunakan software aplikasi EDSA (Electrical Distribution and Transmission System Analysis). Dengan konfigurasi : Sistem Distribusi Setimbang 13 Rel suatu Industri . Hasil analisis scan frekuensi harmonik dan dari hasil simulasi program menunjukkan bahwa sumber harmonik yang diinjeksi di bus 9yaitu tegangan puncak = 1.395 Volt, tegangan THD = 1.54 %, tegangan fundamental (1) = 467 Volt, tegangan RMS = 467 (Volt). Arus puncak = 2190.78 Ampere, arus THD = 2.48 %, arus fundamental (1) = 1533.21 Ampere.arus (rms) = 1533.69 Ampere. Untuk nilai THD tidak melebihi batas standa IEEE 519-1992 yaitu 5 % untuk tegangan dan 8 % untuk arus. Nilai THD yang tidak melewati batas standar tersebut maka tidak diperlukan pemasangan filter.
Harmonics are parts of power quality problems and it has sinusoidal wave having frequency and the value of which is equal to some integer multiplication of its fundamental frequency. The harmonic distortion from sinusoidal waveform of voltage and current are caused by nonlinear loads, One of non linear loads type is adjustable speed drives (ASD). Harmonics will be a problem when its parameter value exceeds a related standard. Harmonic are sinusoidal voltage or currents having frequencies that are integer multiples of the frequency at which the supplay system is designed to operate (termed the fundamental frequency; usually 50 or 60 Hz).IEEE Standard 519-1992 for harmonic control in electric power systems was published. Generall, then non sinusoidal wave form at voltage and current. Which is present in the distribution line, are cared by non linear load This research aimed to analysis the current and voltage distortion that happened bus caused by nonlinear loads due to harmonics on every distribution bus that are simulated by using EDSA (Electrical Distribution and Transmission System Analysis) was used by mean of EDSA application software specially is harmonik analysis. The configuration of test system was consist of a – 13 Bus Balance Industrial System. The electrical simulation program showed that by injection harmonic source at bus 9. Resulting is the electrical values at that bus as follows : peak voltage of = 1.395 Volt, THD voltage of = 1.54 %, the fundamental voltage of = 467, RMS voltage of = 467 Volt. Peak current of = 2190.78 Ampere, THD current of = 2.48 %, fundamental current of = 1533.21 Ampere, RMS current of = 1533.21 Ampere. The THD voltage obtained was lower than that IEEE 519-1992 standard which is 5 %, and the THD current obtained is also lower than that of IEEE 519- 1992 standard which 8 %. Therefore it does not need to install filter.
Kata Kunci : Sistem Distribusi,Kualitas Daya,Distorsi Harmonik, voltage, current, harmonics distortion, EDSA
