Isolasi dan identifikasi Virus Avian Influenza pada burung puyuh (Coturnix japonica) di Jawa Tengah

SODIRUN, Prof.drh. Hastari Wuryastuty, M.Sc.,Ph.D

2007 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Penyakit avian influenza (AI) yang menyerang berbagai jenis unggas selain menimbulkan kematian unggas tinggi juga mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi yang cukup besar. Usaha penanggulangan AI oleh pemerintah Indonesia terutama dilakukan melalui program vaksinasi, depopulasi dan peningkatan biosecurity. Namun demikian, jumlah kematian unggas terutama burung puyuh dan ayam masih cukup tinggi. Burung puyuh mampu bertindak sebagai sumber penularan virus AI pada unggas lain dan berperan dalam evolusi virus AI yang memungkinkan virus mudah menyebar dan menular ke unggas lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman antigenik virus AI asal burung puyuh. Isolasi dan pembiakan virus AI dilakukan pada telur ayam berembrio. Identifikasi virus AI dilakukan secara uji HA/HI menggunakan antigen/antisera standar virus ND, H5, H7 dan H9 serta ELISA kompetitif terhadap antibodi anti nukleoprotein virus AI. Hasil dianalisa secara deskriptif untuk menggambarkan keragaman antigenik HA. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa serum beberapa burung puyuh mengandung antibodi terhadap virus influenza A dan isolasi virus menunjukkan adanya infeksi virus avian influenza campuran subtipe H5 dan H7.

Avian influenza (AI) is a disease which infects birds causing high morthality rate and economic losses. Indonesian government had conducted a lot of efforts to deal with AI virus especially through vaccination, depopulation and biosecurity improvement programs. However, the morthality rate was remained high especially for chicken and quail. Quail is considered as reservoir AI viruses and possibly has an important role in the evolution processes of avian influenza viruses enabling the virus to spread to another birds. The objective of this study was to determine antigenic variation of AI virus in the quails. Isolation and culture of the virus were conducted on the embryonated chicken egg. Viral identification was done using HA/HI test with ND, H5, H7 and H9 standard antigen/antisera and competitive ELISA for type A influenza virus antibody anti nucleoprotein. The results were analyzed descriptively to describe HA antigenic variations. Based on the research results can be concluded that some of the quails sera contain avian influenza antibody and virus isolation showed the existence of mixed infection of avian influenza viruses subtype H5 and H7.

Kata Kunci : Virus Avian Influenza,Burung Puyuh, Avian influenza virus, quail, HA/HI Test, Competitive ELISA