Hubungan asupan Yodium dan supan Gointrogenik dengan status Gangguan AKibat Kekurangan Yodium (GAKY) pada anak Sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Dairi Propinsi Sumatera Utara

SIHOTANG, Urbanus, Toto Sudargo, SKM.,M.Kes

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar belakang . GAKY merupakan masalah kesehatan karena mempengaruhi kualitas dan sumber daya manusia. GAKY disebabkan karena kekurangan zat yodium. Zat yodium diperlukan untuk sintesa dan metabolisme berbagai tubuh terutama kelenjar tiroid. Selain kekurangan yodium GAKY juga disebabkan tingginya konsumsi zat goitrogenik. Tujuan . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan yodium dan asupan tiosianat dari bahan makanan dengan GAKY, dan melihat perbedaan asupan yodium dan tiosianat berdasarkan tingkat endemisitas. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Palpasi kelenjar gondok untuk menentukan tingkat endemisitas, asupan yodium dan asupan tiosianat dengan food recall dan food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), Ekskresi Yodium Urin (EYU) dianalisa dengan metode ammonium persulfate digestion dan ekskresi tiosianat urin dengan metode Brad Bury. Analisis data dengan Chi Square, Korelasi Pearson dan Anova. Hasil. Uji Chi Square , hubungan asupan yodium dengan GAKY tidak signifikan (p > 0,05, CI 95% : 0,34 - 1,18 ), tapi signifikan dengan EYU (p < 0,05, CI 95% : 2,2 – 7,2) dgn OR 3,9. Asupan tiosianat dengan GAKY hubungannya signifikan (p < 0,05, CI 95% : 3,0 – 11,3) dengan OR 5,9, tapi tidak signifikan dengan EYU (p > 0,05, CI 95% : 0,48 – 1,97 ). Uji Korelasi Pearson, hubungan antara FFQ yodium dan FFQ tiosianat dengan GAKY tidak signifikan (p > 0,05), hubungan FFQ tiosianat dengan GAKY tidak signifikan (p > 0,05) tapi ada kecenderungan. Asupan yodium, asupan tiosianat, FFQ yodium, FFQ tiosianat berdasarkan endemisitas berbeda secara signifikan (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan . Asupan yodium antara yang GAKY dan non GAKY tidak berhubungan, tetapi berdasarkan EYU berhubungan. Anak yang GAKY mengkonsumsi lebih tinggi tiosianat dibandingkan dengan anak yang tidak GAKY. Ada perbedaan pada semua pengukuran berdasarkan tingkat endemisitas.

Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) is a health problem which affects the quality of human resources. IDD is caused by lack of iodine substance. The substance is needed for numerous syntheses and metabolism in the body, particularly thyroid glands. IDD may also be caused by high consumption goitrogenic substance. Objective: The study was meant to identify relationship between iodine and thiocyanate intake and IDD, and to identify differences in iodine and thiocyanate intake based on endemic level. Method: This was an observational study with cross sectional design. Method used were palpation of goiter glands to measure endemic level, food recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to measure iodine and thiocyanate intake, ammonium persulfate digestion to measure urine iodine excretion. Data analysis used chi-square, Pearson Correlation and Anova. Result: The result of chi square analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between iodine intake and IDD (p>0.05, CI 95% :0,34 – 1,18), but there was significant relationship between iodine intake and urine iodine excretion (p<0.05, CI 95% : 2,2 – 7,2) with OR 3.9. There was significant relationship between IDD and thiocyanate intake (p<0.05, CI 95% : 3,0 – 11,3) with OR 5,9, but there was no significant between thiocyanate intake and urine iodine excretion (p>0.05, CI 95% : 0,48 – 1,97). The result of Pearson correlation test showed that there was no significant relationship between iodine and thiocyanate FFQ and IDD (p>0.05); there was no significant relationship (but there was a tendency) between thiocyanate FFQ and IDD (p>0.05). There were significant differences in iodine intake, thiocyanate intake, iodine FFQ and thiocyanate FFQ based on endemic level (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was relationship between iodine intake and IDD/non IDD, but there was relationship between urine iodine excretion and IDD. Children with IDD had higher consumption of thiocyanate than those who did not have IDD. There were differences in all measurements based on endemic level.

Kata Kunci : GAKY,Asupan Yodium dan Gointrogenik