Efek program Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu (MP-ASI) terhadap asupan energi, protein dan status gizi bayi di Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi tenggara

MASRIF, Prof.dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.,Sc.D

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar belakang : Gangguan pertumbuhan yang muncul pada anak umur 6 bulan disebabkan karena praktek pemberian makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MP-ASI) yang tidak memenuhi kebutuhan gizi tubuh baik zat gizi makro maupun zat gizi mikro. Untuk mencegah terjadinya gizi kurang sekaligus mempertahankan gizi baik pada keluarga miskin, maka sejak tahun 2002 pemerintah melakukan pendistribusian MP-ASI. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui efek program MP–ASI terhadap asupan energi, protein dan status gizi bayi di Kota Kendari propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode Penelitian: Termasuk penelitian quasi eksperimen, dengan rancangan pre test and post test with control group design. Sampel dibagi dalam dua kelompok dengan pemberian MP-ASI selama 90 hari. Pemilihan sampel berdasarkan purpossive sampling. Satu kelompok menerima MP-ASI Lokal dan kelompok lainnya menerima MP-ASI Non lokal. Sampel adalah bayi umur 6-11 bulan dari keluarga miskin yang menderita gizi kurang/buruk, dengan jumlah minimal 45 responden untuk setiap kelompok. Variabel bebas adalah pemberian MP-ASI dan variabel terikat adalah asupan energi dan protein serta status gizi. Analisis data meliputi univariat dan bivariat. Hasil : Rata-rata asupan energi dan protein sebelum program, kelompok MP-ASI lokal adalah 79,6% dan 72,8% dan kelompok MP-ASI non lokal masing-masing sebesar 78,7% dan 74,7%, rata-rata asupan energi dan protein setelah program, kelompok MP-ASI lokal adalah masing-masing sebesar 92,4% dan 86,4% dan MP-ASI non lokal masing-masing sebesar 95,7% dan 84,4%, Proporsi energi yang bersumber dari MP-ASI terhadap total asupan energi dan protein, kelompok MP-ASI lokal masing-masing sebesar 36,8% dan 43,5% dan kelompok MP-ASI non lokal masingmasing sebesar 40,6% dan 41,2%, ada perbedaan rata-rata asupan energi dan protein antara kelompok yang menerima MP-ASI lokal dan kelompok yang menerima MP-ASI non lokal (p= 0,001 dan p=0,028). Tidak ada perbedaan status gizi (Z-Score) baik pada indeks BB/U, PB/U maupun BB/PB antara kelompok yang menerima MP-ASI lokal dan kelompok yang menerima MP-ASI non lokal (nilai p=0,072, p=0,629 dan p=0,661). Kesimpulan : Ada perbedaan efek program MP-ASI terhadap asupan energi dan protein, tetapi tidak berbeda terhadap status gizi bayi.

Background: Growth disorders among infants of 6 months old may be caused by the supply of complementary breastfeeding which does not fulfill the need of either macro and micro nutrients. To prevent malnutrition and sustain good nutrition of poor families since 2002 the government has distributed complementary breastfeeding. Objective: To identify the effect of complementary breastfeeding program to energy, protein intake and nutrition status of infants at Kendari Municipality, Province of Sulawesi Tenggara. Method: This was a quasi experiment with pretest and post test control group design. Samples were purposively taken and divided into two different experiment groups supplied with complementary breastfeeding within 90 days. One group got local complementary breastfeeding and the other got non local one. Samples were infants of 6–11 months from poor families suffering from undernourishment / malnutrition with as many as 45 respondents minimum per group. The independent variable was the supply of local complementary breastfeeding and the dependent variables were energy and protein intake as well as nutrition status. Data analysis used univariable and bivariable techniques. Result: Before the implementation of the program average energy and protein intake of the group with local complementary breastfeeding was 79.6% and 72.8% and the group with non local complementary breastfeeding was 78.7% and 74.4%. After the program was introduced average intake was 92.4% and 86.4% in the group with local complementary breastfeeding and 95.7 and 84.4% in the group with non local one. The proportion of energy from complementary breastfeeding to total energy and protein intake of the group with local complementary breastfeeding was 36.8% and 43.5% and with non local one was 40.6% and 41.2%. There was difference in average energy and protein intake between the group with local complementary breastfeeding and the group with non local one. There was not difference in nutrition status Z-Score) either in weight/age, length/age, or weight/ length indices between the group with local complementary breastfeeding and those with non local one. Conclusion: There was difference the effect of complementary breastfeeding program to energy and protein intake but not difference to nutrition status of infants.

Kata Kunci : Gizi Bayi, MPASI, Asupan Energi dan Protein, complementary breastfeeding, energy, protein, nutrition status of infants.