Hubungan status pestisida dengan status Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium (GAKY) anak sekolah dasar pada daerah endemik GAKY Kabupaten Dairi

MARYANES, Prof.Dr. Wiryatun L., Apt.,SU

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar belakang: Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium (GAKY) merupakan masalah kesehatan karena mempengaruhi kualitas dan sumber daya manusia. GAKY disebabkan karena kekurangan zat yodium. Zat Yodium di dalam kelenjar tiroid digunakan untuk mensintesis hormon tiroid dalam bentuk tiroksin. Tiroksin berperan penting pada pembentukan kalori, metabolisme karbohidrat, protein dan kolesterol, pada proses pertumbuhan dan ada hubungan erat dengan fungsi katekolamin dalam tubuh. Selain kekurangan yodium, GAKY juga disebabkan karena gangguan lain yang berkompetisi dengannya yaitu zat polutan yang bersifat goitrogenik (pestisida). Goitrogenik ini dapat mengganggu hormonogenesis tiroid sehingga akibatnya dapat membesarkan kelenjar gondok. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan status pestisida dengan status GAKY anak Sekolah Dasar dan perbedaannya berdasarkan endemisitas di Kabupaten Dairi. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak Sekolah Dasar. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 247 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan palpasi kelenjar gondok untuk menentukan tingkat endemisitas, Kadar kolinesterase darah dengan tinto meter kit, Ekskresi Yodium Urin (EYU) dianalisa dengan metode ammonium persulfat digestion. Analisis data meliputi univariat dan bivariat. Uji statistik untuk melihat hubungan dan perbedaan antara variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat menggunakan uji chi square (χ2) dan anova (uji F). Hasil: Uji chi square, hubungan kadar kolinesterase darah dengan EYU signifikan (p<0,05) dengan OR 11,1 dan hubungan kadar kolinesterase dengan status GAKY (palpasi) tidak signifikan (p>0,05) dengan OR 3,1. Uji anova, Kadar kolinestesterase darah dan EYU berdasarkan endemisitas berbeda secara signifikan (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Status pestisida (kadar kolinesterase) dengan status GAKY (EYU) signifikan dan tidak signifikan berdasarkan hasil palpasi. Ada perbedaan rata-rata stat

Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorders is a health problem because it has negative influencies on the quality of life and human resource. This disorder is caused by the lack of iodine substance. This substance, which is found in the thyroid gland, is used to synthesize thyroid hormone in the form of thyroxine. Thyroxine plays important role in generating calorie, metabolisms of carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol, and in the process of growth. Besides caused by the lack of iodine substance, iodine deficiency disorder is caused by another competition factor, that is a pollutant substance which is goitregenic (pesticide). This goitregenic substance interfere with hormonogenesis of thyroid causing enlargement of thyroid gland known as goitre. Objective: This study was aimed at examining the relationship between status pesticide and status of iodine deficiency disorders of elementary school children and the difference between them based on the level of their endemic in Dairi district. Method: The research is a cross sectional model observational research applying quantitative method. Elementary school children are the population observed. The number of samples for the research is 247 students. Data were collected through palpation of thyroid gland was made to determine the level of endemic, concentration of blood cholinesterase was determined using tinto meter kit, urinary iodine excretion was analyzed with the ammonium persulfate digestion method. The data analyze includes univariat and bivariat analyze. The research applies chi square (χ2) and anova (F) test to study the relation and difference between independent variables and dependent variables. Result: Chi square test indicated that the relationship between the concentration of blood cholinesterase and urinary iodine excretion was significant (p<0,05) with the OR value 11,1 and the relationship between concentration of cholinesterse and iodine deficiency disorders (palpation) was not significant (p>0,05) with the OR Value 3,1. Anova test, based on endemic, indicated that there was a significant difference between the concentration of blood cholinesterase and the urinary iodine excretion (p<0,05). Conclution: There was a significant relationship between pesticide status (concentration of blood cholinesterase) and status of iodine deficiency disorder based on urinary iodine excretion and there was not significant relationship based on the result of palpation. There was a difference in the average status of pesticide and iodine deficiency disorders status among the elementary school children based on their endemic.

Kata Kunci : Epidemiologi GAKY,Status Pestisida,Anak Sekolah Dasar