Harga diri, prestasi belajar dan pola makan pada remaja obes

DARMAWAN, Syarif, Dr. Martalena Purba, MCN.,PhD

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi remaja obes DKI Jakarta sudah mencapai 6 % dan diperkirakan akan mengalami peningkatan sejalan dengan perubahan pola hidup. Generasi muda, yaitu anak-anak dan remaja merupakan generasi penerus bagi bangsa ini. Di antara dampak dari obesitas adalah faktor psikologi, antara lain harga diri, depresi dan prestasi belajar. Berdasarkan implikasi tersebut di atas, maka dilakukan penelitian mengenai harga diri, prestasi belajar dan pola makan pada remaja obes. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengkaji hubungan harga diri dan pola makan dengan prestasi belajar remaja obes. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei yang bersifat analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang. Populasi dan sampel penelitian adalah siswa obes SMP Islam Al Azhar 12 Rawamangun yang terpilih menjadi subyek penelitian. Pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Uji statistik analisis bivariat : hubungan harga diri dengan prestasi belajar, hubungan pola makan dengan prestasi belajar dan hubungan harga diri dengan prestasi belajar digunakan uji korelasi Spearman-Rank. Sedangkan analisis multivariat digunakan uji regresi logistik. Data penapisan diolah dengan program komputer Epinut for Windows. Keseluruhan data diolah dengan program komputer SPSS version 10. Hasil: Tidak ada hubungan antara harga diri dengan prestasi belajar remaja obes, tetapi hasil wawancara secara mendalam mendapatkan hasil 5 dari 6 informan juga mengatakan bahwa kondisi obes pada diri mereka bukan hambatan dalam bersosialisasi dan berprestasi. Hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh hanya pola makan sample terhadap kelompok bahan makanan cepat saji yang mempengaruhi dan bermakna dengan prestasi belajar remaja obes (p = 0,018, B = 0,940). Tidak ada hubungan antara harga diri dengan pola makan kelompok bahan penyebab dan pencegah obesitas dari remaja obes.

Background: The prevalence of obese teenagers in Jakarta Capital City Special Territory has reached 6% and it is estimated that this will increase in line with changes in lifestyles. Youth i.e. children and teenagers, are future generation of the nation. Obesity may bring psychological impact; i.e. selfesteem, depression and academic achievement. Such impact has made it necessary to study self-esteem, eating pattern and academic achievement of obese teenagers. Objective: To study the relationship between self-esteem and eating pattern and academic achievement of obese teenagers. Method: This was a survey of analytical type with cross sectional design. Population and samples of the study were obese students of AI Azhar 12 Islamic Junior High School, Rawamangun. Samples were chosen using total sampling technique. Data analysis used univariable, bivariable and multivariable techniques. Bivariable statistical test analyzed the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement, the relationship between eating pattern and academic achievement; whereas Spearman-Rank correlation test analyzed the relationship between self esteem and academic achievement. Logistic regression test was used for multivariable analysis. Data of filtering were processed using Epinut for Windows. Result: There was no relationship between self esteem and academic achievement of obese teenagers; however the result of indepth interview showed that 5 out of 6 respondents did not see the state of being obese as an obstacle to socialize and have academic achievement. The result of multivariable analysis showed that eating pattern (fast foods only) had significant relationship with academic achievement of obese teenagers (p=0.018, B=0.940). There was no relationship between self-esteem and eating pattern of obese teenagers (for deteriotective and protective foods). Conclusion: There was relationship between eating pattern (fast foods, snacks and others) and academic achievement (fast foods r=-0.348, p=0.000; snacks r=0.304, p=0.002; others r=-0.226, p=0.007).

Kata Kunci : Obesitas,Pola Makan,Harga Diri dan Prestasi Belajar