Fungsi manajemen Puskesmas dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan Posyandu di Kota Jambi

MARTONI, dr. Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, MA

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Kebij. dan Manaj. Pe

Latar belakang : Posyandu merupakan suatu forum komunikasi, alih tekhnologi dan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat, oleh dan untuk masyarakat yang mempunyai nilai strategis untuk mengembangkan sumber daya manusia sejak dini dengan tujuan utama untuk mempercepat penurunan angka kematian bayi, anak balita dan angka kelahiran. Posyandu merupakan salah satu wujud dari partisipasi masyarakat dimana kegiatannya dilakukan oleh kader yang dibentuk masyarakat setempat. Dan dalam melaksanakan kegiatannya, posyandu mendapat dukungan dari puskesmas. Dapat dikatakan keberhasilan kegiatan di posyandu sangat dipengaruhi oleh dukungan manajemen puskesmas dan partisipasi masyarakat sendiri. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini lebih ditekankan pada studi kasus dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan metode analisa kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengamati variabel-variabel pelaksanaan kegiatan posyandu, manajemen puskesmas (SDM, pembiayaan dan sarana/alat), dan partisipasi masyarakat, dilaksanakan di kota Jambi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara kepada kepala puskesmas, petugas puskesmas dan FGD terhadap kader kesehatan, serta observasi. Hasil Penelitian : Pelaksanaan kegiatan di posyandu belum terselenggara dengan baik dimana tidak semua program dilaksanakan. Kegiatan penimbangan balita sudah dilakukan tetapi frekuensi penimbangan masih rendah, kegiatan PMT tidak rutin dilaksanakan karena kurangnya dana, pemberian vitamin A selalu dilaksanakan tetapi program pemberian tablet Fe jarang dilaksanakan. Program imunisasi telah dilaksanakan dengan baik. Program kesehatan ibu dan anak belum dilaksanakan dengan baik karena petugas puskesmas yang datang tidak selalu bidan dan tidak adanya tempat khusus untuk pemeriksaan ibu hamil. Program keluarga berencana untuk aseptor KB sudah dilaksanakan, tapi aseptor implan dan IUD belum dilaksanakan. Sedangkan penanggulangan diare sudah dilaksanakan, kegiatan penyuluhan tidak rutin dilaksanakan karena kurangnya ketrampilan kader.l SDM, dana dan sarana dan peralatan yang tersedia belum memadai serta belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Puskesmas kurang melakukan koordinasi dalam kegiatan posyandu. Pasrtisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan posyandu masih rendah dimana masyarakat belum optimal dalam menyediakan SDM, dana dan sarana dan peralatan. Kesimpulan : Pelaksanaan kegiatan posyandu belum berjalan dengan baik, karena fungsi manajemen puskesmas belum berjalan dengan baik, dan kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat.

Background: Posyandu is communication forum, technology transfer and community health services, develop by and for community it self that has a strategic value in developing human resources with main purpose to accelerate decreasment of infant mortality rate, toddler, and birth rate. Posyandu is one kind of community participation that perform by cadre which formed by lolal’s community. In there activities, posyandu get full support from Puskesmas. It can say that posyandu’s successes very much influence by puskesmas management support and community participation it self. Method: This research more focused on case studies using descriptive research with qualitative analysing method. Research conducted to observe variables in posyandu’s activities, puskesmas management (human resources, financing, and means/tools) and community participation performed in Jambi. Data collected from interviews with head of puskesmas, officers and FGD toward health cadre, and observation also. Result: Posyandu’s activities were not well performed since not all program can be realized. Infant weight measurement activities have been done but less frequent, PMT activities were not regularly because the lack of fund, vitamin A distribution were always conduct but the Fe tablet were rarely distributed. Immunita tion program has already running well. Mother and children health program was poorly conduct, since midwives was not always attend at puskesmas and there was no pregnancy examination room equipped. Planned family program for KB acceptor already been done, except for implant and IUD. Diarrhea counter measurement also done, but health counselling wasn’t regularly because cadre were not enough to do so. Puskesmas has not been able to optimized their human resources, fund, and also their means and equipments. Coordinator also poor within its posyandu activities. Community participation on posyandu activities still low because the need of human resources, funds, means and also equipment were not optimally supported by community. Conclusion: Posyandu activitieshave not been able to run as planned, because puskesmas management function hasn’t well performed and added with lack of participation from community.

Kata Kunci : Manajemen Puskesmas,Posyandu,Partisipasi Masyarakat,Posyandu activities, Puskesmas Management, and Community Participation