Pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada karyawan Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Papua

TIMISELA, Agustinus, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si.,Ph.D

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan Promosi

Latar Belakang: Indonesia saat ini menghadapi permasalahan masih tingginya angka penyakit infeksi juga peningkatan penyakit degeneratif. Buruknya kondisi lingkungan serta belum baiknya perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di masyarakat diduga menjadi penyebab permasalahan tersebut. Implementasi program Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) yang telah dicanangkan pemerintah, masih menemui banyak kendala di berbagai daerah, salah satunya adalah di Propinsi Papua. Keberhasilan program akan dipengaruhi oleh adanya contoh/panutan dari petugas kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Namun demikian, hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa para petugas kesehatan masih banyak yang menjalankan pola-pola perilaku tidak sehat seperti merokok dan mengkonsumsi minuman beralkohol, yang bahkan dilakukan di lingkungan kantor Dinas Kesehatan. Tujuan: Mengkaji keterkaitan antara karakteristik karyawan, paparan penyuluhan, pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap pelaksanaan PHBS di lingkungan kantor Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Papua. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Analisis data menggunakan univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Analisis statistik menggunakan korelasi dan regresi logistik. Subjek penelitian adalah keseluruhan populasi dan tidak ada pencuplikan. Variabel bebas adalah pengetahuan, sikap, karakteristik demografi dan pengalaman atas intervensi PHBS. Variabel terikat adalah tindakan karyawan dalam implementasi PHBS. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner. Hasil: 1) Karakteristik tingkat pendidikan, jenis kelamin memiliki keterkaitan dengan perilaku/tindakan karyawan tentang PHBS; 2) Tingkat pengetahuan karyawan tentang PHBS memiliki keterkaitan dengan perilaku karyawan terhadap PHBS; 3) Sikap karyawan tentang PHBS memiliki keterkaitan dengan perilaku karyawan tentang PHBS; 4) Pengalaman karyawan atas paparan media informasi kesehatan berupa leaflet, buku, stiker dan televisi lokal memiliki keterkaitan dengan perilaku karyawan tentang PHBS; 5) Karakteristik umur, lama kerja, tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan perilaku karyawan tentang PHBS; 6) Pengalaman karyawan atas paparan media radio, penyuluhan seksi promkes, media kaos, media poster, kaset audio, media gantungan kunci dan teman kantor tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan perilaku karyawan tentang PHBS. Kesimpulan: Tingkat pendidikan dan sikap karyawan merupakan faktor yang paling dominan memberikan pengaruh kepada perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat karyawan Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Papua.

Background: Indonesia is currently facing problems of high rate infectious diseases as well as increasing degenerative disease. Poor environmental conditions and inappropriate behavior in maintaining clean and healthy life in the community are most probably the main cause of the problem. The implementation of clean and healthy lifestyle program established by the government still encounters lots of problems one of which is in the Province of Papua. The success of the program will be affected by the presence of role model of health staff in the community. However, the result of observation indicates that many health staff still adept unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking and having alcoholic drinks which they even do in the health office areas. Objective: To study the relationship between characteristics of staff, exposure to promotion, knowledge and attitude toward the implementation of clean and healthy lifestyle in the Health Office of the Province of Papua. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Data analysis used univariable, bivariable and multivariable methods. Subject of the study were the total population and there was no sampling. The independent variables consisted of knowledge, attitude, demographic characteristics and experience with intervention of clean and healthy lifestyle. The dependent variable was staff's action in the implementation of clean and healthy lifestyle. Research instruments used were questionnaires. Statistical analysis used regression and logistic regression. Result: 1) Education and sex had relationship with staff's behavior toward clean and healthy lifestyle; 2) Knowledge of staff about clean and health lifestyle had relationship with staffs behavior toward clean and healthy lifestyle; 3) Attitude of staff about clean and healthy lifestyle had relationship with staff's behavior toward clean and healthy lifestyle; 4) Experience of staff with exposure to health information media such as leaflet, books, stickers and local television had relationship with staff's behavior toward clean and healthy lifestyle; 5) Age and length of work had no relationship with staff's behavior toward clean and healthy behavior; 6) Experience of staff with exposure to media such as radios, socialization with health promotion section, t-shirts, posters, audio cassettes, key holders and colleagues had no relationship with staff's behavior toward clean and healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Education and behavior of staff were the most dominant factors affecting behavior of staffs of the health office at the Province of Papua toward clean and healthy lifestyle.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Kesehatan, Pengetahuan dan Sikap, PHBS.