Evaluasi promosi penggunaan kondom untuk mencegah HIV/AIDS di lokaslisasi pelacuran di Kabupaten Bayuwangi

HAFRIDA, Dra. Ira Paramastri, M.Si

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan Promosi

Latar Belakang: Kasus HIV/AIDS di Jawa Timur merupakan tertinggi ketiga di Indonesia. Kabupaten Banyuwangi menempati urutan ketiga setelah Surabaya dan Malang dalam jumlah kasus. Kelompok terbesar penderita adalah wanita pekerja seks (WPS). Berbagai program promosi penggunaan kondom telah dilakukan, namun kasus AIDS masih menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkat . Tujuan Penelitian: Mendapat gambaran tentang pelaksanaan program promosi penggunaan kondom dalam pencegahan HIV/AIDS di lokalisasi pelacuran dari sudut pandang penerima dan pemberi promosi. Metode Penelitian: Merupakan penelitian kualitatif fenomenologi. Informan utama adalah WPS, didukung informan pelanggan, mucikari, pemerintah dan NGO. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lokalisasi-lokalisasi Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Cara pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi, sebagai pembanding hasil wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan metode constant comparative method. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Informan belum mampu memahami HIV/AIDS secara benar. Kemampuan negosiasi rendah karena lebih mementingkan hasil dari penjualan seks. Media promosi berupa stiker, poster dan reklame kurang diminati, karena tidak sesuai untuk di lokalisasi. Pendampingan oleh petugas kesehatan secara interpersonal, dan pemeriksaan kesehatan reproduksi dinilai berhasil. Promosi melalui penjualan kondom di tempat parkir kendaraan, gebyar kondom dan adanya ATM kondom, mampu mengingatkan WPS untuk lebih waspada terhadap penularan penyakit dan dalam menggunakan kondom. Media film juga diminati. Usulan modifikasi program dengan memperbanyak dan memperluas tenaga promosi dari institusi terkait lain. Pemerintah berperan dalam memberi anggaran program promosi pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Kesimpulan : Beberapa media promosi dinilai tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan di lokalisasi, sementara media lain dinilai mampu memberikan pengaruh untuk mengingatkan dalam pencegahan penularan. Negosiasi dalam menggunakan kondom masih rendah. Pendampingan petugas secara berkesinambungan diharapkan bisa diperluas dan dibuat kontinyu demikian pula dengan promosi di tempat parkir.

Background: HIV/AIDS in East Java in the year of 2005 is the third highest disease in Indonesia. The district of Banyuwangi is the third rank in Indonesia after Surabaya and Malang in terms of the case number. The biggest patient group of HIV/AIDS is sexual worker women (WPS). Various health promotion programs in using condom have been implemented although the case of AIDS still tend to improve. Objective: This research was aimed to obtained description on health promotion program implementation by using condom in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in the localization of prostitution from the perspective of those who obtained the health promotion and who conveys the health promotion. Method: This was a phenomenology qualitative research. The main informant was WPS which was supported with informant of client, procurers, government and NGO. The research was implemented in the localizations of Banyuwangi district. Data was collected by using in-depth interview and observation for comparing the result of in-depth interview. Data was analyzed by using constant comparative method and data validity was using source and method triangulation. Result: The subjects did not comprehend HIV/AIDS appropriately. Their negotiation skill was low as they were more prioritized on the sales result of the sexual relationship. The promotion media that were sticker, poster and advertisement were not really interesting as they were not appropriate for localization. Interpersonal supervision by health care provider and the check up of reproductive health was not successful. Promotion through selling condom in parking place, condom promotion and ATM condom was able to remind the WPS to be more aware on the transmission of the disease and in using condom. Media of film was also preferred. It is suggested for program modification by adding up the health promoter from other related institution. Government plays a role in giving the budget of HIV/AIDS prevention program. Conclusion: Various promotion media was not suitable with the need in localization (sticker, poster, booklet), while other media could influenced to remind the prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission (promotion in parking place, condom promotion, supervision of the health care provider). Negotiation in using condom was still low. The continual supervision of health care provider and the promotion in the parking place were expected could be disseminated and continued.

Kata Kunci : Promosi Kesehatan,Kondom,HIV/AIDS,Pelacuran, evaluation promotion, condom, HIV/AIDS, prostitution