Hubungan status pekerjaan ibu dengan berat lahir bayi di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

YULIVA, Prof.dr. Djauhar Ismail, SpA(K).,MPH.,PhD

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Kes. Ibu dan Anak-Ke

Latar Belakang: Menurut data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2002-2003, distribusi persentase wanita menurut status pekerjaan dalam 12 bulan terakhir di Sumatera Barat menunjukkan bahwa 57.5 persen wanita yang sedang bekerja, 2.4 persen wanita tidak sedang bekerja dan 40.1 persen wanita tidak bekerja sama sekali. Dari data tersebut terlihat bahwa persentase wanita yang bekerja lebih besar dibandingkan dengan wanita yang tidak bekerja. Menurut beberapa penelitian, pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh seorang wanita terutama pada saat hamil, mempunyai pengaruh terhadap berat lahir bayi yang akan dilahirkan. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status pekerjaan dan jenis pekerjaan ibu dengan berat lahir bayi di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan rancangan Prospective cohort (kohor prospektif). Data dikumpulkan di bagian poliklinik kebidanan RSUP Dr. M.Djamil Padang. Populasi adalah semua ibu hamil yang datang memeriksakan kehamilan ke poliklinik kebidanan, dibedakan berdasarkan status pekerjaan dan jenis pekerjaan. Setiap ibu hamil diwawancarai, diamati dan diikuti perkembangan kehamilannya yang dimulai pada kehamilan 32 minggu sampai melahirkan. Teknik pengambilan sampel non probability sampling dengan metoda consecutive sampling. Variabel bebas adalah status pekerjaan dan jenis pekerjaan dan variabel terikat adalah berat lahir bayi. Variabel pengganggu adalah pendidikan, status sosial ekonomi, umur ibu, paritas, umur kehamilan, tinggi badan ibu, kenaikan berat badan, intake nutrisi, jenis kelamin anak dan penyakit ibu selama kehamilan. Hasil: Perbedaan berat lahir pada ibu bekerja dengan aktivitas fisik berat adalah 196.44 gram (p=0.000) lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok ibu tidak bekerja dengan aktivitas fisik berat, dan perbedaan berat lahir bayi pada kelompok ibu yang mengalami sakit dalam masa kehamilannya dengan yang tidak mengalami sakit dalam masa kehamilan sebesar 243.92 gram (p=0.001). Bayi laki-laki yang lahir memiliki perbedaan rata-rata berat lahir sebesar 97.24 gram (p=0.015) lebih berat dibandingkan dengan bayi perempuan. Kenaikan umur kehamilan setiap 1 minggu, akan menaikan berat lahir bayi sebesar 45.34 gram (p=0.021) dan kenaikan berat badan ibu setiap 1 kg, akan menaikan berat lahir bayi sebesar 47.12 gram (p=0.000). Setiap penambahan intake nutrisi 1 kilokalori akan menaikan berat lahir bayi sebesar 0.56 gram (p=0.000). Nilai R² sebesar 0.2729 memberikan makna bahwa pada model 2 hasil analisis regresi linier ganda dapat menjelaskan hubungan dan memprediksi berat lahir bayi sebesar 27.29 persen. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan status pekerjaan ibu (bekerja atau tidak bekerja) dan jenis pekerjaan ibu (aktivitas fisik berat atau aktivitas fisik ringan) dengan berat lahir bayi, dimana berat lahir bayi pada ibu bekerja dengan aktivitas fisik berat lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan berat lahir bayi pada ibu tidak bekerja dengan aktivitas fisik berat.

Background: According to 2002-2003 Indonesia Demography Health Survey (IDHS), the percentage distribution of woman based on job status in the past 12 months in West Sumatera showed that 57,5 percent of woman was working, 2,4 percent of woman was not working and 40,1 percent of the women did not work at all. From the data, it is shown that the percentage of woman who working was bigger than woman who was not working. Based on various researches, a job that will be done by a woman especially while pregnant, had influence toward the weight of the babies who will be delivered. Objective: This research was aimed to find out the relationship of job status and job type of mother with infant’s birth weight in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Method: This was an observational research that used Prospective Cohort design. The data was collected in antenatal polyclinic of RSUP Dr.M. Djamil Padang. The population was all pregnant women who came to check their pregnancies to antenatal polyclinic and they were clustered based on job status and job type. Every pregnant woman were interviewed, observed and their pregnancy development that was started in the week 32 of pregnancy until delivery was continually monitored. The sample was taken with non probability sampling and consecutive sampling. The independent variable were job status and job type and the dependent variable was infant’s birth weight. The confounding variable were education, social economy status, women’s age, parity, gestation age, women’s height, weight gain, nutrition intake, children sex and mother’s disease during pregnancy. Result: The difference of birth weight in a mother works with heavy physical activity was 196.44 gram (p=0.000) which was lower than mother who did not work with heavy physical activity, and the difference of infant’s birth weight in the group of mother who were ill during pregnancy with those who were not ill in their pregnancy period was 243.92 gram (p=0.001). Male infant who was born had difference on the average of birth weight that was 97.24 gram (p=0.015) which was heavier than female infant. The increasing gestation age every one week will increase infant’s birth weight 45.34 gram (p=0.021) and increasing of mother’s weight will increase infant’s birth weight with 47.12 gram (p=0.000). The increasing nutrition intake every one kilocalories will increase infant’s birth weight 0.56 gram (p=0.000). R2 was 0.2729 which mean that model 2 as the result of double linear regression analysis could explain the relationship and predicted infant’s birth weight with 27.29 percent. Conclusion: There was a relationship between mother’s job status (working or not working) and mother’s job type (heavy physical activity and low physical activity) with infant’s birth weight, in which infant’s birth weight in working mother with heavy physical activity was lower than infant with mothers who did not work with heavy physical activity.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak,Berat Lahir Bayi,Status Pekerjaan Ibu, job status, job type and infant’s birth weight