Pengaruh senam hamil terhadap kualitas kontraksi otot uterus menjelang persalinan

ZUBAIDI, Alfan, Prof.dr. Moh. Hakimi, SpOG.,Ph.D

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar belakang: Kontraksi otot uterus pada wanita hamil merupakan pertanda medis yang menjadi salah satu acuan persalinan. Senam hamil dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi estrogen dan perfusi miometrium (otot uterus).Hal tersebut meningkatkan reseptor oksitosin dan prostaglandin dan pada akhirnya kualitas kontraksi uterus adekuat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh senam hamil terhadap kualitas kontraksi otot uterus (amplitudo, frekuensi, durasi) ibu hamil dalam proses persalinan diukur dengan Cardio Tocography(CTG). Metode: Penelitian ini randomized clinical trial ( RCT ), yang membandingkan pengaruh senam hamil terhadap kontraksi otot uterus dengan kontrol yang tidak diberi senam hamil kemudian diamati perbedaannya lewat gambaran EMG/CTG. Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik. Perbedaan; 1).Amplitudo kontraksi otot uterus pada kehamilan minggu ke 37 senam hamil 18.8mm dan tidak senam hamil 46.8mm. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna P=<0.01, Pada 15 menit sekali menjelang kontrakasi otot uterus, senam hamil 23.2mm dan tidak senam hamil 51.1mm. 2).Frekuensi kontraksi uterus pada kehamilan minggu ke 37 senam hamil 5.40 buah gelombang dan tidak senam 8.27 buah gelombang,sedangkan kontraksi 15 menit sekali menjelang persalinan, senam hamil 6.33 buah gelombang dan tidak senam 8.47 buah gelombang. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna P = <0,01. 3).Durasi kontraksi otot uterus pada kehamilan minggu ke 37 senam hamil 5.26 menit dan tidak senam hamil 4.07 menit, sedangkan kontraksi 15 menit sekali menjelang persalinan, senam hamil 4.83 menit dan tidak senam hamil 4.13.Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna P = <0,01. Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan pemberian senam hamil meningkatkan kualitas kontraksi otot uterus (amplitude,frekuensi,durasi) dalm proses persalinan.

Background: uterine contraction is one of medical signs of labor and, as a matter of fact, pregnancy exercise can increase estrogen concentration and miometrium perfusion. They stimulate oxytocin and prostaglandin receptors and ultimately make adequate uterine contraction. Objective: to analyze the affect of pregnancy exercise toward the quality of uterine contraction (amplitude, frequency, duration) in early labor measured by Cardio Tocography (CTG). Method: it was a randomized clinical trial study by comparing two groups namely the group consisting of pregnant women given pregnancy exercise and the control group consisting pregnant women without pregnancy exercise. The difference was observed by EMG/CTG. Results: there were statistically significant differences, namely, 1). the amplitude of uterine contraction in 37th week of pregnancy exercise was 18.8 mm compared to 46.8 mm in control group. In every 15 minutes before labor, uterine contraction in pregnant women with pregnancy exercise was 23.2 mm compared to 51.1 mm in the control group with p = <0.01; 2). the frequency of uterine contraction in 37th week of pregnancy exercise was 5.40 per second compared to 8.27 per second in control group. In every 15 minutes before labor, uterine contraction in pregnant women with pregnancy exercise was 6.33 per second compared to 8.47 per second in the control group with p = <0.01; ). the duration of uterine contraction in 37th week of pregnancy exercise was 5.26 minutes compared to 4.07 minutes in control group. In every 15 minutes before labor, uterine contraction in pregnant women with pregnancy exercise was 4.83 minutes compared to 4.13 minutes in the control group with p = <0.01. Conclusion: pregnancy exercise can increase the quality of uterine contraction (amplitude, frequency, duration) in labor.

Kata Kunci : Kontraksi Otot Uterus, Senam Hamil, uterine contraction, pregnancy exercise, CTG, labor.