Asap cair biomassa sampah daun dan aplikasinya sebagai bahan substitusi fenol dalam pembuatan perekat fenol formaldehid

AKHMAD, Haris, Prof.Dr.Ir. Purnama Darmasji, MSc

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan

Produksi asap cair dengan pirolisis, merupakan salah satu alternatif pemanfaatan biomassa sampah daun. Ukuran bahan, suhu dan waktu pirolisis merupakan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi proses dalam memproduksi asap cair. Asap cair dapat diaplikasikan sebagai bahan subtitusi fenol dalam pembuatan perekat fenol formaldehid. Sehingga optimasi proses pirolisis dan pembuatan fenol formaldehid dengan asap cair dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Sampah daun ditentukan dengan ukuran berturut-turut ≤ 0.5 cm, 2-3 cm dan utuh (4 - 8 cm). Variasi suhu pirolisis berturut-turut 350, 400 dan 4500C, dengan waktu pirolisis 45 ,60 dan 75 menit. Hasil asap cair pada variasi suhu pirolisis digunakan sebagai bahan subtitusi fenol dalam pembuatan perekat fenol formaldehid. Rasio asap cair terhadap fenol berturut-turut yaitu 30%, 50%, dan 70 % (b/b), dengan variasi pH 8, 9 dan 10. Kemudian fenol formaldehid yang telah dibuat dilakukan analisis berat jenis, kadar padatan, pH, viskositas dan keteguhan rekat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengecilan ukuran bahan, suhu dan waktu pirolisis mempengaruhi randemen asap cair. Kondisi optimum proses dicapai pada pengecilan ukuran 2,3 cm, suhu 389,40 C, dan waktu 62 menit 24 detik dengan hasil asap cair sebesar 33.74%. Formula terbaik dalam pembuatan perekat fenol formaldehid adalah asap cair hasil pirolisis 4000C, rasio asap cair/fenol sebesar 50% (b/b), dengan kerekatan 181,64 N/cm2, densitas 1,1578 g/ml, kadar padatan (solid content) 41,43 %, pH 9,74, viskositas 0,53 poise, dimana cukup memenuhi standard mutu pada pH dan viskositas, namun dibandingkan dengan kontrol (rasio asap cair 0 %) masih mempunyai kestabilan simpan yang lebih rendah.

Liquid smoke production by pyrolysis is one of alternative for exploiting leaf garbage biomass. Size of feedstock, temperature and time of pyrolysis represent the factor which can influence the condition of process in the liquid smoke production. Liquid smoke can be applied as phenol substitution in the preparation of phenol formaldehyde glue. Hence, study about both the optimization of pyrolysis process and the preparation of phenol formaldehyde with liquid smoke were conducted. Leaf Garbage sizes were determined as 0.5 cm, 2-3 cm and the usual (4 - 8 cm) respectively. Pyrolysis temperature variations were 350, 400 and 4500C and with the pyrolysis times were 45, 60 and 75 minutes respectively. The liquid smokes yield from pyrolysis temperature variations were used as phenol substitution in the preparation of phenol formaldehyde glue. The liquid smoke/phenol ratios were 0, 30, 50, and 70 % (w/w) and with the pH variations were 8, 9 and 10 respectively. Then phenol formaldehyde glues that have been made were conducted analysis of density, solid content, pH, viscosity and stickiness. The result showed that size of feedstock, temperature and time of pyrolysis influenced the liquid smoke yield, the optimum process conditions were reached at size of 2,3 cm, temperature of 389,40 C, and time of 62 minutes 24 seconds with liquid smoke yield of 33.74%. The best formula in the preparation of phenol formaldehyde glue was liquid smoke from pyrolysis temperature of 4000C, smoke/phenol ratio of 50% (w/w), with the stickiness of 181,64 N / cm2, density of 1,1578 g/ml, solid content of 41,43 %, pH of 9,74, viscosity of 0,53 poise, where it sufficient fulfilled the quality standard at pH and viscosity, but compared to control ( liquid smoke ratio of 0 %) still had lower stability.

Kata Kunci : Fenol Formaldehid,Asap Cair,Sampah Daun, Leaf garbage, pyrolysis, liquid smoke, phenol formaldehyde