Pengaruh kebijakan tataniaga gula terhadap ketersediaan dan harga domestik gula pasir di Indonesia

WIDHANINGSIH, Isti, Dr.Ir. Slamet Hartono, M.Sc

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Gula pasir sebagai komoditas strategis pemasarannya tidak terlepas dari intervensi pemerintah khususnya tentang ketersediaan dan harga gula domestik. Intervensi pemerintah melalui kebijakan tataniaga dalam penelitian ini dikelompokkan menjadi tiga periode (Bulog, perdagangan bebas dan pengandalian impor) dengan range data penelitian tahun 1971-2005. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi dan pengaruh kebijakan tataniaga terhadap ketersediaan, produksi, impor, dan harga domestik; dan bagaimana kondisi pergulaan Indonesia di masa mendatang. Metode dasar yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah deskriptif analitis dengan analisis regresi autoregresif (AR1) dan analisis trend. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan dan produksi gula domestik hanya dipengaruhi oleh luas area. Luas area dan manajemen stok memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap produksi dan ketersediaan gula di Indonesia. Impor gula dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan tataniaga periode perdagangan bebas dan pengendalian impor, selisih harga domestik dengan harga dunia, dan selisih konsumsi dengan produksi. Sedangkan harga domestik dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan tataniaga periode Bulog dan pengendalian impor, produksi, dan nilai tukar rupiah/US$. Trend impor dan harga domestik cenderung meningkat sedangkan trend produksi dan ketersediaan cenderung menurun. Kebijakan tataniaga berpengaruh langsung terhadap harga. Kebijakan tataniaga gula selama ini belum efektif mempengaruhi produksi dan ketersediaan gula. Kebijakan tataniaga periode impor perlu ditingkatkan efektivitasnya dengan disertai peningkatan intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi usahatani tebu, optimalisasi PG, disamping kebijakan harga dan tarif impor sebagai proteksi bagi produsen gula dalam negeri.

Marketing of cane sugar as an important commodity usually get goverment interventions especially to supply and domestic price. Government interventions as marketing policy in this research are groupped on to three period (Bulog, free trade, and import control) which data range 1971-2005. The aims of this research are to know what’s factors which influence and the impact of marketing policy on the supply, production, import, and domestic price of cane sugar; and how the Indonesian sugar situation in the future. The basic method used is analytical descriptive. The analysis method are regression analysis with autoregresif model (AR1) and trend analysis. The result of this research show that the wide of sugarcane plant area has significant influence to supply and domestic production of sugar. The wide of sugarcane plant and management stock had high contribution to production and supply of cane sugar in Indonesia. Sugar import is influenced by the marketing policy on free trade and import control period, the gap between consumption and production and the gap between domestic. Domestic price is influenced by marketing policy of sugar in Bulog and import control period, domestic production, and exchange rate. Trend of import and domestic price estimated increase, while supply and production are decrease. The influence of marketing policy is directly to the domestic price. Marketing policy of sugar is not yet give efective influence to production and supply of cane sugar in Indonesia. Import control period have positive influence to domestic price but not yet success to control of sugar import quantity. That’s should increase the effectiveness of marketing policy on import control period by the sinergy between marketing and production policy. Beside price and tariff policy to protect the domestic cane sugar producer, it can be realized by increase onfarm intensification and extensification and also increased the optimalization of sugar factory.

Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Tataniaga Gula,Ketersediaan dan Harga, marketing policy, supply, domestic price, cane sugar