Perilaku harga dan keterpaduan pasar komoditas bawang merah di Jawa

NIDAUSOLEHA, Ofi, Dr. Jamhari, SP.,MP

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku harga komoditas bawang merah, apakah terdapat integrasi antar pasar dan pasar mana yang leading (mendominasi dalam penentuan harga). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder meliputi harga grosir bulanan komoditas bawang merah tahun 2001-2006 di daerah produsen dan konsumen di Jawa, data produksi, ekspor, impor bulanan di Indonesia tahun 2001-2005. Analisis perilaku harga bawang merah menggunakan nilai koefisien variasi harga antar tempat dan antar waktu dan analisis regresi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi harga bawang merah. Analisis keterpaduan pasar menggunakan model Engle & Granger, dengan uji akar unit Dickey-Fuller (DF) dan Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), uji kointegrasi dan Granger Causality. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perilaku harga bawang merah bulanan selama tahun 2001 s.d 2005 baik di pasar daerah produsen maupun di pasar daerah konsumen menunjukkan pola yang sama, harga bawang merah dipengaruhi oleh harga bawang merah periode sebelumnya dengan korelasi positif, dan ketersediaan bawang merah dengan korelasi negatif. Hasil pengujian stasioneritas data menunjukkan bahwa harga bawang merah stasioner pada orde 1, dan hasil uji kointegrasi menunjukkan bahwa 57% pasar bawang merah di Jawa terintegrasi dengan kuat serta semakin dekat jarak antar pasar maka tingkat integrasi semakin kuat. Uji Granger Causality menunjukkan pasar bawang merah yang leading adalah pasar produsen Brebes dan Pasar Konsumen Jakarta.

The objective of this research was to analyze price behavior, market integration and leading market (dominating market in price fixing) of shallot. This research used secondary data of 2001 to 2006 concerning producers’ and consumers’ monthly wholesale prices in Java and monthly quantity data of shallot production, export and import of 2001 to 2005 in Indonesia. Shallot price behavior was analysed by coefficient of variation between place and time that were depicted by its price fluctuation, and regression analysis was used to analyze factors affecting shallot price. Cointegration analysis based on the Engle and Granger model with Dickey-Fuller (DF) and Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Granger (cause) analysis were used to find the leading market. The results showed that monthly price behavior of shallot during 2001 to 2005 either in producers’ and consumers’ market area showed the same pattern, shallot price was affected by shallot price of last period positively and supplied quantity of the mentioned period negatively. The results showed that all of shallot prices were stationary in first difference. It is concluded that there were 57% shallot market in Java to be cointegrated strongly and there were market which were relatively close to each other to be cointegrated strongly too. Granger Causality test showed that producers’ market in Brebes and consumers’ market in Jakarta were leading to other markets in Java.

Kata Kunci : Komoditas Bawang Merah,Perilaku Harga,Keterpaduan Pasar, Price, Market, Integration, Stationarity