Fermentasi Alga Dunaliella sp. untuk produksi Karotenoid dengan perlakuan iluminasi

SURJANI, Dwi Elmina, Ir. Triwibowo Yuwono, Ph.D

2007 | Tesis | S2 Bioteknologi

Karotenoid sangat potensial sebagai pewarna makanan, suplemen makanan, kosmetik, anti karsinogenik dan antioksidan. Alga Dunaliella sp. merupakan penghasil karotenoid dalam jumlah besar. Di Indonesia, sejauh ini pembudidayaannya hanya sebagai pakan ikan. Dunaliella sp. akan mengakumulasikan karotenoid pada kondisi lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti iluminasi sinar yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iluminasi terhadap produksi karotenoid dan profil protein yang terbentuk dari isolat lokal alga Dunaliella sp. Perlakuan iluminasi yang dilakukan yaitu: (1) Perlakuan kontrol: iluminasi 1400 lux secara kontinyu, (2) H1: iluminasi 1400 lux secara kontinyu dilanjutkan iluminasi 2000 lux secara kontinyu, (3) H2: iluminasi 1400 lux secara kontinyu dilanjutkan 2000 lux secara diskontinyu, (4) H3: iluminasi 2000 lux secara kontinyu, dan (5) H4: iluminasi 2000 lux secara diskontinyu. Produksi total karotenoid masing-masing perlakuan ditentukan pada saat produksi mencapai maksimal dengan metode spektrofotometer. Total karotenoid maksimal masingmasing perlakuan dianalisis secara statistika menggunakan Anava, kemudian dilanjutkan uji Duncan 5%. Profil protein dianalisis menggunakan metode elektroforesis SDS-PAGE. Perlakuan iluminasi yang berbeda menghasilkan karotenoid dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda serta menyebabkan perbedaan dalam hal pola protein yang terbentuk. Total karotenoid terbanyak dihasilkan perlakuan H3 (iluminasi 2000 lux secara kontinyu) sebesar 1.828,8 μg/g. Hasil elektroforesis SDS-PAGE menunjukkan adanya pola protein baru pada perlakuan iluminasi 2000 lux secara kontinyu (H3) dan perlakuan iluminasi 2000 lux secara diskontinyu (H4).

Carotenoid has been widely used as food colour, food supplement, cosmetic, anti carsinogen and antioxidant. Algae Dunaliella sp. is a known as a potential carotenoid producer. Currently, in Indonesia, the algae is used only as fish feed supplement. Dunaliella sp. is known to accumulate carotenoid under extreme environment condition such as high illumination. This study is conducted to establish the role of illumination on carotenoid production by a local isolate of Dunaliella sp. and to understand the changes its protein profile. A study has been conducted by applying different illumination treatments on Dunaliella sp. culture. Illumination treatment was designed as follows: (1) control treatment: continuo us illumination at 1400 lux, (2) H1: illumination at 1400 lux followed by 2000 lux in continuous system, (3) H2: illumination at 1400 lux followed by 2000 lux in a discontinuous system, (4) H3: continuous illumination at 2000 lux, and (5) H4: discontinuous illumination at 2000 lux. Total carotenoid production level was measured after the culture reached the maximum production level. It was determined with spectrophotometer method. The result was analysed by using Anava and Duncan 5 % test. Protein profile was analysed by using SDS-PAGE method. It was observed that different illumination treatment s resulted in different carotenoid consentrations. Different illumination was also observed to result in different protein profiles. The highest level of carotenoid production (1.828,8 μg/g) was obtained when the culture was illumination under continuous illumination at 2000 lux (H3 treatment). SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that a new band of protein was synthesised when the culture was illuminated under continuous and discontinuous illumination at 2000 lux (H3 and H4 treatments).

Kata Kunci : Karotenoid,Fermentasi Alga Dunaliella sp,Iluminasi, carotenoid, Dunaliella sp., illumination, protein profile