Pengaruh pendidikan, sikap dan nilai-nilai personal terhadap perilaku ekonomi perempuan kawin di Kabupaten Sidoarjo

ZAIN, Ismaini, Promotor Prof.Drs. Kasto, MA

2007 | Disertasi | S3 Kependudukan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji profil perempuan kawin dalam berperilaku ekonomi menurut daerah tempat tinggal; menguji hubungan pendidikan dan sikap dengan perilaku ekonomi; menguji perbedaan aspek nilainilai personal menurut daerah tempat tinggal dan perilaku ekonomi serta menganalisis pola hubungan antara pendidikan, sikap dan nilai-nilai personal terhadap perilaku ekonomi. Jenis penelitian adalah survai. Penelitian dilakukan di kabupaten Sidoarjo. Sampel diambil secara multistage sampling sebanyak 390 responden. Variabel dependen adalah perilaku ekonomi; sedangkan variabel-variabel independen adalah pendidikan, sikap terhadap kegiatan ekonomi (sikap) dan nilai-nilai personal. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Chi-Square, Multivariat Analisis Varian (Manova) dan Analisis Regresi Logistik Multinomial. Profil perempuan kawin dalam berperilaku ekonomi mempunyai perbedaan menurut daerah tempat tinggal, namun tidak berbeda menurut perilaku ekonomi, kecuali di perkotaan. Dari analisis Chi-Square, ditunjukkan bahwa pendidikan berhubungan positif dengan perilaku ekonomi dan sikap; tetapi, hubungan positif tersebut hanya berlaku di perkotaan. Sikap juga berhubungan dengan perilaku ekonomi, tetapi hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku ekonomi di pedesaan cenderung in-konsisten. Aspek nilai-nilai personal mempunyai perbedaan menurut daerah tempat tinggal, pendidikan, sikap dan perilaku ekonomi. Perempuan perkotaan mempunyai nilai teori lebih tinggi daripada perempuan pedesaan. Sementara, perempuan pedesaan mempunyai nilai religius dan politik lebih tinggi daripada perempuan perkotaan. Perempuan yang berpartisipasi ekonomi mempunyai nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi daripada perempuan yang tidak berpartisipasi ekonomi. Sebaliknya, perempuan yang tidak berpartisipasi ekonomi memiliki nilai sosial dan nilai religius lebih tinggi daripada perempuan yang berpartisipasi ekonomi. Nilai teori perempuan kawin meningkat seiring dengan tingginya pendidikan. Dari analisis regresi logistik disimpulkan pengaruh yang paling signifikan adalah pendidikan(2), yaitu beda jenjang pendidikan SMA pendidikan SD. Sikap hanya berpengaruh bagi perempuan di perkotaan saja. Faktor nilai domestik dan faktor nilai publik adalah dua faktor representasi dari nilai-nilai personal. Pengaruh faktor nilai domestik tidak signifikan; sedangkan faktor nilai publik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku ekonomi baik di perkotaan maupun pedesaan. Perempuan kawin yang berpendidikan SMA ke atas lebih berpeluang berpartisipasi ekonomi di sektor jasa daripada sektor perdagangan dan industri. Perempuan kawin di perkotaan lebih berpeluang berpartisipasi ekonomi dengan status formal dan berada di pasar kerja sekunder.

The aims of this research are to describe the profile of married woman in the economic behaviour according to residence area; to test the relation of education, attitude with economic behavior; to test personal values aspects differences according to residence area and economic behavior, also to analyze the pattern of relation between education, attitude and personal values on economic behavior. The type of this research is survey. The research was conducted in Sidoarjo regency. Samples taken by multistage sampling were 390 respondents. Dependent variable is economic behaviour, while independent variable are education, attitude to economic activity (attitude) and personal values. The analysis method used by Chi-Square Analysis, Multivariat Analysis of Variant (Manova) and Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis. The profile of married women in the economic behaviour has differences according to residence area, but it is not different according to economic behaviour, except in urban area. From Chi-Square analysis, it is showed that education has positive relation with economic behaviour and attitude; but the positive relation only going into effect in urban area. Attitude also has relation with economic behaviour, but the relation between attitude and economic behaviour in rural area tend to inconsistent. From Manova, personal values aspects have differences according to residence area, education, attitude and economic behavior. Urban women have higher theoritical values than those of rural women. Whilst, rural women have higher religion and politic values than those of urban woman. Women who participated in economic activities have higher economic value than those of women who do not participate in economic. On the contrary, women who do not participated in economic activities have higher social and religion values than those of women who participated in economic activities. Theoritical values of woman will increase along with increasing education. From logistic regression analysis, it is concluded that the most significant influence is education(2), that is ladder difference education of SMA and education of SD. Attitude only influence on urban women. Domestic and public value factors are two factors of representasion of personal values. The influence of domestic value factor is not significant; while public value factor has significant effect on economic behavior either in urban or in rural area. Married women who has education of SMA upwards have more opportunity to participated in economic in service sector than that of commercial and industry sector. Married women have more opportunity to participated in economic with formal status and reside in market work secondary.

Kata Kunci : Perempuan Kawin,Perilaku Ekonomi,Sikap, Pendidikan dan Nilai Personal,economic behavior, married woman, education, attitude, personal values and multinomial logistic regression