Kajian sistem penanganan pasca gempa bumi di Kabupaten Bantul

SUHERMAN, Prof.Dr.Ir. Sri Harto Br., Dip.H

2007 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil (Magister Pengelolaan Bencana Alam

Bencana alam gempa bumi dengan kekuatan 5,9 pada skala Richter yang terjadi pada tanggal 27 Mei 2006 di Kabupaten Bantul telah mengakibatkan 4.143 orang meninggal dunia, 8.673 orang luka berat dan 2.650 orang luka ringan serta merobohkan puluhan ribu rumah penduduk, sarana dan prasarana umum lainnya. Masalah yang perlu dicermati untuk segera ditangani pada pasca bencana adalah penanganan tanggap darurat (emergency responses), sesuai dengan siklus pengelolaan bencana (Disaster Management Cycle). Upaya penanganan korban bencana telah dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak, baik melalui kelembagaan resmi (SATLAK PBP Kabupaten Bantul) yang merupakan pelaksana kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bantul, maupun melalui posko-posko relawan. Akan tetapi dalam penanganan pasca bencana gempa bumi masih terdapat banyak kendala-kendala, baik personel (SDM), peralatan, perbekalan, koordinasi maupun sistem penanganan yang kurang sistematis, sehingga pola penanganan menjadi kurang optimal dan kurang efektif. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan evaluasi penanganan bencana pada masa tanggap darurat melalui pendekatan kuesioner dan wawancara langsung kepada masyarakat terhadap implementasi kebijakan yang ada dihitung dengan metode statistik sederhana. Selanjutnya rumusan rencana strategis dilakukan melalui analisis model SWOT sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan penanganan menjadi lebih optimal. Analisis tingkat keberhasilan SATLAK PBP terhadap penanganan bencana gempa bumi pada masa tanggap darurat menunjukkan hasil belum memuaskan (bobot 0,17) dan identifikasi bencana (bobot 0,086) dikategorikan belum memuaskan serta sosialisasi antisipasi bencana (bobot 0,353) dikategorikan kurang memuaskan sedangkan partisipasi masyarakat cukup memuaskan dengan bobot 0,392. Agar penanganan bencana pada masa tanggap darurat lebih optimal dilakukan dengan analisis model SWOT dengan rekomendasi penanganan : identifikasi daerah bencana dirancang sedini mungkin dan bekerjasama dengan Lembaga Peneliti dan Perguruan Tinggi serta masyarakat. Program penanganan bencana ditingkatkan menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah dan masyarakat yang bertumpu pada kemandirian dan kewaspadaan masyarakat, serta membentuk Satgas bencana tingkat kecamatan dan desa. Budaya gotong royong perlu di pertahankan dan di tingkatkan dengan membentuk kelompok masyarakat sadar bencana secara swakarsa dan swadaya. Program sosialisasi bencana perlu dilakukan secara berkala melalui media cetak dan elektronik serta memasang pamflet - pamflet di papan pengumuman desa dan padukuhan.

The 5.9 Richter scale earthquake that occurred on 27 May 2006 in Bantul Regency caused 4,143 people lost their life, 8,673 severely were injured and 2,650 people were mildly injured and it also destroyed ten thousand of houses, other infrastructures and public facilities. The crucial worth immediate doing after the disaster was emergency responses, according to the Disaster Management Cycle. The efforts of handling the victims were done by various parties, both formal institution (SATLAK PBP of Bantul Regency) as the executor of the policies of Bantul Regency Government, and volunteer centers. Nevertheless, there were still many hindrances in the postearthquake handling, in terms of personnel, equipments, supplies, coordination and unsystematic handling system so that the handling pattern was not optimum nor effective. In this research, the evaluation of disaster management during the emergency response time was evaluated using questionnaires and direct interview with people with regards to the existing policy implementation and was calculated by a simple statistical method. Then, SWOT-model analysis was implemented to improve the management. The results of the analysis on the success level of SATLAK PBP in the implementation of the earthquake management policy during the emergency response time revealed unsatisfying result with the value of 0.17. The disaster identification of 0.086 value was categorized as unsatisfying and the socialization of disaster anticipation at 0.353 value was categorized as unsatisfying. Meanwhile, community’s participation in the earthquake management was somewhat satisfying with the value of 0.392. In order to achieve optimum disaster management during the emergency response time, SWOTmodel analysis must be done following recommended management : identification of disaster area to be designed as early as possible in cooperation with research institute, university and the society. Disaster management program should be the responsibility of the government and the community. The formation of disaster task force at district and village levels is to be done. The culture of work sharing needs maintaining and improving by forming disaster-aware groups on their own will and on their own funds. Disaster socialization program must be done regularly through printed and electronic media and by posting pamphlets on the information boards in villages.

Kata Kunci : Gempa Bumi, Disaster Management Cycle, SWOT, Earthquake