Teritorialitas pada jalur pedestrian di penggal jalan Urip Sumoharjo Yogyakarta :: Kualitas hubungan pengguna teritori dengan seting jalur pedestrian

RUSMANA, Yunanta Arief, Dr.Ir. A. Sarwadi, M.Eng

2007 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Arsitektur

Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat teritorialias pada jalur pedestrian di jalan Urip Sumoharjo berdasarkan kualitas hubungan perilaku pengguna teritori dengan seting (memaparkan perilaku aktor/pengguna di jalur pedestrian, dan mendeskripsikan kualitas hubungan yang terjadi antara perilaku aktor/pengguna di jalur pedestrian dengan seting fisiknya). Dalam penelitian ini ada aspek-aspek penting analisis kualitas hubungan perilaku pengguna teritori dengan seting jalur pedestrian. Teritorialitas sebagai “aribut perilaku” berkenaan dengan interaksi hubungan antara individu (termasuk kumpulan individu yang membentuk group dengan tujuan kegiatan) dan Institusi/organisasi (berkaitan dengan kebijaksanaan) dalam suatu sistem interaksi terhadap ruang, lingkungan (seting kegiatan). Teritori di dalam Arsitektur lingkungan dan perilaku diartikan sebagai batas dimana individu/kelompok menentukan tuntutan akan area, menandai serta mempertahankannya, terutama dari intervensi pihak lain. Konsep teritori lebih dari sekedar tuntutan adan suatu daerah secara spasial dan fisik, tetapi juga kebutuhan emosional dan kultural. Analisis teritorialitas pada jalur pedestrian dilakukan pada aktor pengguna teritori dengan cara mendialogkan teritori dari aktor dominan untuk diperoleh kualitas hubungan perlaku pengguna teritori dengan seting jalur pedestrian. Pengambilan data dengan cara pengamatan jejak fisik, pengamatan perilaku dan wawancara. Melihat indikasi dominan dan keterbatasan waktu yang ada maka pembahasan secara lebih mendalam dilakukan pada Individu/aktor (PKL) dan Institusi (Paguyuban PKL, Pemkot) dengan pejalan kaki pada seting jalur pedestrian. Kualitas hubungan dilihat dari seberapa besar keterikatan Individu, Institusi dengan seting kegiatan, maka ditemukan pola : (1). Keterkaitan kuat ketiga unsure teritorialitas, (2). Keterkaitan kuat kedua unsure, (3). Keterkaitan lemah ketiga unsure, dan (4). Keterkaitan lemah dua unsure. Dari pola keterkaitan akan menimbulkan dampak penggunaan teritori terhadap seting jalur pedestrian yaitu : Dampak positif – negatif (kualitas ringan, sedang, berat). Temuan ini mengindikasikan, dari 5 aktor pelaku yang beraktivitas di jalur pedestrian, ternyata aktor pengguna yang dominan memanfaatkan jalur pedestrian adalah PKL (dampak negatif lebih dominan daripada dampak positif) terhadap seting jalur pedestrian.

Phenomenon on the pedestrian line in Yogyakarta tends undergoing a change of function from pedestrian line into multi function of its spatial usage, so there is overlap of interest conflict. As the commercial area of interesting shopping street is Jl.Urip Sumoharjo Yogyakarta, where there are various activity actors within it with different social cultural background. Apparently that pedestrian line in this area has width ± 150 cm where here was accommodated the actor activity (PKL, Shop Manager, Shop Employee, Parking Man, and the Pedestrian). The activity of each factor has been taken place in the relatively concurrent time and setting. The problem appeared because there is an interest overlap/conflict in the existence multifunction of spatial usage. The shift on pedestrian line use is most related to the Territoriality as one of “actor attribute” in the treasure of behavior and environment architecture. Territoriality as actor attribute emphasizes the existence of interaction between individual and institution with space, environment (activity setting). The essence of territoriality is interaction/ relationship quality between its components (Weissman, 1981). In this research there are important aspects on relationship quality analysis of territorial user behavior with pedestrian line setting. Territoriality as “behavior attribute” concerning with relationship interaction between individual (including individual group that forms group with activity intention) and organization/institution (related to the policy) in an interaction system toward space, environment (activity setting). Territory in the behavior and environment architecture is meant as border where individual/group determine the demand for an area, sign and maintain it, particularly intervention from another side. Theoretical concept is more than the demand to the existence of an area in spatial and physically, but also the emotional and cultural demand. Territoriality analysis on the pedestrian line is conducted at the territorial uses actor by means of dialoging the territory from dominant actor to get relationship quality of territorial user actor with pedestrian line setting. Data collection is conducted by means of physical track, interview and behavior observation. Observing dominance indication and the existing time limitedness, in depth discussion is conducted at individual/actor (PKL) and institution (association of PKL, Pemkot) with the pedestrian on the pedestrian line setting. The relationship quality is observed from how large the relatedness of individual, institution with activity setting, then found the pattern: (1) strong relatedness of the three territoriality elements, (2) strong relatedness of the two elements, (3) weak relatedness of the three elements, (4) weak relatedness of the two elements. From the pattern relatedness will raise an impact of territorial use toward pedestrian lime setting that is: Positive- negative impact (light, middle, weight quality). This finding indicated, from 5 actors who make activities on the pedestrian line, apparent that dominance user who using pedestrian line is PKL (negative impact more dominant than positive impact) toward pedestrian line setting.

Kata Kunci : Teritorialitas, Kualitas Hubungan, Perilaku Pengguna Teritori, Seting