Kajian kadar Kadmium pada daging ayam di Yogyakarta

MEDAH, Vony Janse Mehelin, Prof.drh. Setyawan Budiharta, MPH.,Ph.D

2007 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar kadmium pada daging ayam yang dijual di pasar tradisional dan swalayan di Yogyakarta dan perbedaan kadar tersebut antara yang berasal dari jenis ayam yang berlainan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium kimia analitik Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Gadjah Mada. Empat puluh sampel dada ayam diambil dari pasar tradisional dan swalayan sama banyak. Sampel terdiri dari 18 layer afkir, 6 buras dan 16 broiler. Sampel dianalisis kandungan kadmium dengan menggunakan alat atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t untuk membedakan antara penjualan di pasar tradisional dan swala yan serta analisis variansi satu arah untuk jenis ayam yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar Cd pada dada ayam berkisar antara 0,0003 ppm dan 0,67300 ppm. Kadar Cd pada dada ayam dari pasar tradisional sebesar 0,19480 ± 0,07497, swalayan sebesar 0,21248 ± 0,19039. Kadar Cd ayam layer afkir sebesar 0,310 ± 0,129, ayam buras sebesar 0,146 ± 0,114 dan ayam broiler sebesar 0,103 ± 0,004. Secara statistik kandungan Cd pada dada ayam yang dijual di pasar tradisional dan swalayan tidak berbeda secara bermakna (P> 0,05). Kandungan Cd pada layer afkir menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat signifikan baik terhadap ayam buras maupun ayam broiler (P<0,01). Sebagian terbesar (95%, 38 dari 40) dada ayam yang dijual di pasar tradisional dan swalayan menunjukkan kadar yang lebih tinggi dari yang ditetapkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI).

The objectives of the study were to investigate the cadmium (Cd) residue in chicken sold in Yogyakarta, the difference of the concentration of the residue btween those sold in wet markets and grocery stores, and among different types of chickens, i.e. culled layer, native chicken, and broiler. A total of 40 chicken breast samples, 20 from wet markets and 20 from grocery stores in Yogyakarta were used throughout the study. The concentration of Cd of the samples was analyzed by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ASS). Data thus obtained were subjected to t-test to reveal the difference between samples taken from wet markets and grocery stores, and oneway analysis of variance among culled layers, native chicken and broiler of the samples. The results showed that the concentration of Cd in chicken was between 0.0003 ppm – 0.67300 ppm. The values for chicken sold in wet markets and grocery stores were 0.19480 ± 0.07497 and 0.21248 ± 0.19039 ppm, respectively. Culled layers contained 0.310 ± 0.129 ppm of Cd, native chicken 0.146 ± 0.114 ppm, and 0.103 ± 0.004 ppm in broiler. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the concentration of Cd between chicken sold in wet markets and grocery stores. However, the concentration of Cd in culled layer was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that contained in native chickens and broilers. Only two of the samples (5%) showed Cd concentration lower than that of the Indonesian National Standard of 0.01 ppm.

Kata Kunci : Daging Ayam,Kadar Kadmium, Cadmium, chicken meat, culled layer, native chicken, broiler