Konflik pemanfaatan sumber air Sigedang :: Studi di Kecamatan Ceper, Kabupaten Klaten

WAHYUNI, Dinar, Drs. Soetomo, M.Si

2007 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi (Kebijakan dan Kesejahteraan Sosial)

Klaten dikenal sebagai daerah yang kaya akan sumber air, namun potensi tersebut baru mencuat sejak diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Otonomi Daerah dengan mengijinkan sumber daya air dikuasai oleh swasta asing dengan memberi ijin operasi PT Tirta Investama demi peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Namun, eksploitasi PT Tirta Investama melalui sumur bor di sekitar mata air Sigedang dan Kapilaler telah mengurangi jumlah air irigasi bagi lahan pertanian terutama di daerah hilir. Akibatnya petani melakukan protes dan perlawanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui akar penyebab konflik antara petani dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Klaten, pihak-pihak yang terlibat konflik, dinamika konflik yang terjadi dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan konflik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kecamatan Ceper, Kabupaten Klaten dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Informan tidak dipilih secara acak tetapi dengan snowball sampling. Data digali dengan observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masalah kekurangan air irigasi bagi petani di sepanjang jaringan irigasi Kapilaler menjadi penyebab utama terjadinya konflik. Pemaknaan petani terhadap kebijakan pemanfaatan sumber air Sigedang (MoU) dan inkonsistensi PT Tirta Investama dalam implementasi MoU juga menjadi faktor pemicu munculnya konflik. Konflik terjadi antara dua kelompok, petani yang beraliansi dengan Kraked dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Klaten yang beraliansi dengan PT Tirta Investama. Dinamika konflik dipetakan menjadi empat tahapan, yaitu fase pra konflik, fase konfrontasi, fase krisis dan fase akibat. Upaya penyelesaian yang dilakukan melalui mediasi, dengan kesanggupan PT Tirta Investama mencairkan dana program sosial sebesar 1 miliar, untuk sementara mampu meredam konflik. Akan tetapi penyelesaian ini masih menyisakan konflik latent karena saat ini Pemkab telah memberikan ijin peningkatan debit pengambilan air PT Tirta Investama. Peningkatan debit ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran petani akan ketersediaan debit air Sigedang di masa depan.

Klaten was known as a region that has a lot of water resources. But the potency rose up after the uses of law of local autonomy. It allowed water resources to be handled by private, PT Tirta Investama. The purposed was to increase local income. But the exploitation of PT Tirta Investama with them well drilling near the Sigedang and Kapilaler water resources has reduced the water debite for the agriculture area, especially in the down stream. This cause the protest and resistance of the farmer. The purpose of this research was to known the factors that caused conflict between farmers and Government of Sub-Province Klaten, who were involved in the conflict, the dynamics of the conflict and what action to resolve of conflict. This research was taken place in Ceper Sub-district, Klaten Regency, and using qualitative research. The informans were not randomly selected, but selected using snowball sampling method. Data collection used observation method, deep interview and documentation. From the result of this research, it was found that the problem of insuffiency irrigation to farmer alongside irrigation network of Kapilaler becoming the root caused the happening of conflict. The definition of farmer to utility policy of Sigedang water resource (MoU) and inconsistency PT Tirta Investama in implementation MoU also became the caused factor of conflict. The conflict happened between two groups, farmer which have alliance with Kraked and Government of Sub-Province Klaten which have alliance with PT Tirta Investama. Conflict dynamics was mapped to become four steps, that were phase of pre-conflict, confrontation phase, phase of crisis and phase the effect of. The attempts to solve the conflict were mediation, with the ability of PT Tirta Investama to cash 1 billion for social problem funds, for a while can decrease the conflict. However, this attempted was still have latent conflict , because Klaten local government has given permission on PT Tirta Investama to increase the taking of water debite. This made the farmers worried about the remaining Sigedang water debite in the future.

Kata Kunci : sumber daya air, konflik, water resources, conflict