Implementasi program beras untuk keluarga miskin (RASKIN) di Desa Sendangagung, Kecamatan Minggir, Kabupaten Sleman, Propinsi DIY

SURYANA, Dra. Agnes Sunartiningsih, MS

2006 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi (Kebijakan dan Kesejahteraan Sosial)

Program Beras Untuk Keluarga Miskin (Raskin) merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk membantu penyediaan sebagian kebutuhan pangan pokok keluarga miskin. Melalui program raskin bersama program bantuan penanggulangan kemiskinan lainnya diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat yang nyata dalam meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan kesejahteraan sosial rumah tangga. Perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: Bagaimana implementasi program beras untuk keluarga miskin (Raskin) di desa Sendangagung, Kecamatan Minggir, Kabupaten Sleman, Propinsi DIY? Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini jenis deskriptif kualitatif. Unit analisa dalam penelitian ini adalah aparat pelaksana raskin, masyarakat penerima raskin dan tokoh masyarakat. Dari hasil penelitian tentang implementasi program beras untuk keluarga miskin (Raskin) di desa Sendangagung, Kecamatan Minggir, Kabupaten Sleman, Propinsi DIY diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: Pelaksanaan sosialisasi Program Raskin dilakukan sebelum Program Raskin dilaksanakan (sosialisasi tahunan) dan selama Program Raskin berjalan (sosialisasi rutin bulanan) atau dapat dilaksanakan sesuai kebutuhan. Pelaksanaan Raskin di desa Sendangagung telah tepat sasaran yaitu pada keluarga miskin yang ditentukan sesuai dengan hasil pendataan keluarga miskin yang telah dilaksanakan oleh BKKBN dan semua warga masyarakat yang berhak menerima telah terdaftar dalam pendataan keluarga miskin. Pelaksanaan Raskin di desa Sendangagung telah tepat jumlah yaitu beras yang dibeli dari raskin adalah 10 kg/kk/bulan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku tetapi belum mencukupi kebutuhan makan keluarga dalam 1 bulan. Pembelian beras raskin bagi masyarakat desa Sendangagung sudah tepat harga yaitu Rp 1.000/kg dan dengan harga tersebut seluruh kelompok sasaran mampu membeli raskin dan tidak ada yang merasa keberatan. Pendistribusian beras raskin bagi masyarakat desa Sendangagung sudah tepat waktu yaitu setiap awal bulan paling lambat pertengahan bulan. Pendistribusian raskin di desa Sendangagung sudah tepat administrasi antara lain: penerima raskin sudah terdaftar pada pendataan keluarga miskin yang dilakukan oleh aparat desa bersama petugas dari BKKBN, setiap penyerahan beras kepada masyarakat sasaran selalu disertai tanda terima, kepada masyarakat sasaran diberikan kartu raskin yang harus dibawa setiap membeli beras raskin. SDM pelaksana program raskin Desa Sendangagung sudah tersedia dengan baik yaitu jumlahnya memadai, kemampuannya bisa diandalkan serta melibatkan beberapa unsur antara lain : petugas BKKBN, petugas BPS, petugas Bulog, perangkat desa, pengurus RT, RW dan tokoh masyarakat. Struktur Organisasi Program Raskin di Desa Sendangagung di desa Sendangagung cukup mendukung terhadap implementasi program raskin sehingga dalam pelaksanaannya tidak mengalami hambatan yang berarti.

Food aid program for poor households, locally known as raskin, is one of the government’s efforts to help poor households fulfilling their basic need for food. It is expected that raskin program, along with other aid programs for the poor , will be able to provide real benefits of improving food sufficiency and social welfare for households. The formulation of problem for this study was “ How the raskin program in Sendangagung village of Minggir subdistrict in Sleman district of DIY province was implemented?” This was a descriptive-qualitative study with the unit of analysis consisting of raskin implementer personel, Raskin beneficiaries, and community leaders. The result of study indicated that the socialization of Raskin program was carried out before its implementation (annual socialization), and during its implementation (monthly routine socialization), or anytime when needed . The implementation of this program in had been directed towards the right targets, that is, poor household, who wereselected according to the data of poor household from BKKBN (National Family Planning Board), and all members of the community who were entitled to receive the aid based on data of poor households, The implementation of this program, on terms of the quantity of rice distributed, had been carried out as planned, that is, 10 kg/household/month, but it was not sufficient to fulfill food need of a household for one month. The price of rice, Rp. 1.000/kg, was considered appropriate because, at this price level, the target group could affor to buy, and none oh the individuals from the group objected to the price. The distribution of rice in Sendangagung village was made at the appropriate time, that is, during the early month and was not later than the middle of a given month. The distribution of rice was also conformed with administration data, that the beneficiaries were listed in the poor household data prepared by the village administration and and BKKBN personel, every distribution of rice to the targeted individuals was given a receipt, and the targeted people were provided individuals was given a receipt, and the targeted were provided with raskin card that should be bring with when buying the raskin. Personel who implemented the raskin program in Sendangagung village had been sufficient in terms of their number and ability to implement the program. In addition, some elements were also involved including personel from BKKBN, National Statistics Agency (BPS), State Logistics Agency (Bulog), village administration staffs, village and sub village (RT,RW) borad members and the community leaders. Bureaucracy structure of this program in was quite helpful so that implementation of this program did not find significant obstacles

Kata Kunci : Raskin, implementasinya dalam peningkatan kesejahteraan sosial, food, poor households, welfare