A Case study of Models of Inter-religious Dialogue :: at Pesantren Al-Muayyad, Windan, Solo
ISHOM, Muhammad, Prof.Dr. Machasin
2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Perbandingan AgamaPesantren Al Muayyad Windan (PMW) terletak di desa Windan Kelurahan Makamhaji Kartosuro Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Pesantren ini lebih dikenal berada di Solo karena jaraknya hanya 3 km dari kota tersebut, disamping karena memang aktivitas-aktivitasnya memiliki dampak yang lebih besar terhadap situasi kota Solo dari pada kota Sukoharjo yang jaraknya 17 km dari pesantren tersebut. Pesantren ini sejak tahun 1998, atau beberapa saat setelah terjadi Kerusuhan Mei, memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga perdamaian kota Solo melalui aktivitas-aktivitas dialog antar agama. Dialog ini sangat penting karena kota Solo memiliki potensi konflik yang besar antara suku Jawa dan Cina dan ketegangan antar umat beragama antara kelompok Muslim garis keras dengan kelompok Kristen garis keras sejak tumbangnya Orde Baru pada tahun 1998. Adalah Kiai Dian Nafi’, pimpinan pesantren ini, yang menjadi salah satu tokoh penting dalam dialog antar agama di Solo dalam rangka menciptakan perdamaian bersama. Keterlibatan PMW dalam dialog antar agama menjadi sangat penting untuk menjawab stigma bahwa pesantren adalah sarang teroris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan apa latar belakang pemikiran dialog antar agama yang dilakukan PMW; dan model-model dialog apa saja yang diterapkannya dalam berinteraksi dengan kelompok-kelompok dari agama lain. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan pendekatan teologis dengan kerangka teoritik teori theologies of religions sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Paul F. Knitter. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi terhadap dokumen PMW yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas-aktivitas dialog antar agama, studi kepustakaan terhadap fiqih lintas agama, wawancara terhadap Kiai Dian Nafi, santri-santri, dan tokoh-tokoh lintas agama baik yang terlibat dalam dialog antar agama maupun tidak. Juga diwawancarai tokoh-tokoh Muslim lain dari Pesantren Al Mukmin Ngruki Sukoharjo, dan MUI Solo. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: pertama, latar belakang pemikiran dialog antar agama yang dilakukan PMW adalah (1) alasan teologis, yakni: Quran, 29:46, 3:84 dan 49:13, (2) alasan sosiologis, yakni: pluralsime agama, kebutuhan untuk saling berkomunikasi dan saling pengertian, dan (3) alasan pribadi, yakni komitmen pribadi Kiai Dian Nafi untuk memiliki sikap toleransi aktif dan tanggung jawab kepada umat agama lain. Kedua, model-model dialog antar agama yang diterapkan PMW adalah (1) replacement model, (2) fulfillment model, (3) mutuality model, dan (4) acceptance model. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa modelmodel dialog antar agama dengan perspektif Kristen sebagaimana dikemukakan Paul F. Knitter dapat juga digunakan untuk menganalisis sikap orang-orang Islam terhadap agama lain, terutama agama Kristen.
Pesantren Al Muayyad Windan (PMW) is situated at the village of Windan, Makamhaji - Kartosuro, Sukoharjo Regency. This pesantren is more commonly known as situated in the city of Solo because it is 3 kms away from the downtown. Another reason is that the activities of inter-religious dialogue conducted by PMW have greater impacts on the situation of the city of Solo rather than the city of Sukoharjo which is 17 kms away from the pesantren. Since the May Riot in 1998, PMW has played an important role in keeping peace in Solo through activities of inter-religious dialogues. These activities are important because the city of Solo has a big potential for conflicts between the Javanese and the Chinese ethnics. Inter-religious tensions between the radical Muslims and Christian fundamentalists have frequently occurred since the collapse of the New Order Regime in 1998. Kiai Dian Nafi’, the director of PMW, has become one of the most important figures in inter-religious dialogues in Solo to build and keep peace there. The involvement of PMW in inter-religious dialogue in Solo is also important to give balanced information due to the stigma that pesantrens are breeding grounds for terrorists. This research is aimed at answering the following questions: what background of thought underlies the activities of inter-religious dialogue conducted by PMW; and what models of inter-religious dialogue are applied by PMW in their interactions with group of people of different religions. To answer these questions, this research was conducted through theological approaches under Knitter’s theory of theologies of religions. The technique of collecting data was conducted with the technique of documentation toward the documents of PMW related to the activities of inter-religious dialogue, literary study on fiqh concerning inter-religious relations, interviews with Kiai Dian Nafi, santri-santri, inter-religious leaders, and grassroots non-Muslims regardless of whether they are involved or not. Interviews were also conducted with Muslim leaders of another pesantren (Pesantren Al Mukmin Ngruki), and the chairman of the Indonesian Board of Ulama (MUI) Solo Chapter. The results of this research are: first, the backgrounds of thoughts of inter-religious dialogue conducted by PMW are: (1) theological reason, i.e.: Quran, 29:46, 3:84 and 49:13, (2) sociological reason, i.e.: religious pluralism, the need for communication and mutual understanding, and (3) personal reason, i.e., the commitment of Kiai Dian Nafi to have an active tolerance and responsibility toward people of other religions. Second, the models of inter-religious dialogue applied by PMW are (1) the replacement model, (2) the fulfillment model, (3) the mutuality model, and (4) the acceptance model. This means that the models of inter-religious dialogue as proposed by Knitter which are based on Christian views are also applicable to analyze Muslim attitudes toward other religions, especially Christianity.
Kata Kunci : Pesantren,Dialog Antar Agama,Perdamaian , Pesantren – Inter-religious Dialogue – Peace
