Promosi kesehatan untuk penanggulangan Overweight dan Obesitas pada mahasiswi Akademi Kebidanan

SARAGIH, Jon Elyas Sentosa, Toto Sudargo, SKM.,M.Kes

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan Promosi

Latar Belakang : Overweight dan obesitas saat ini merupakan masalah yang mewabah di seluruh dunia, di Indonesia prevalensi obesitas mulai meningkat. Prevalensi overweight dan obesitas pada mahasiswi akademi kebidanan di Pematang Siantar adalah 12,5% obesitas dan 13,4% overweight. Overweight dan obesitas disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan antara intake energi dan keluaran energi. Hal tersebut disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku menanggulangi masalah overweight dan obesitas. Upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku adalah promosi kesehatan melalui konseling kelompok, transparansi dan booklet. Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh konseling kelompok, transparansi dan booklet penanggulangan overweight dan obesitas terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan status overweight dan obesitas. Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experimental dengan rancangan pre-test and post-test nonequivalent-group. Analisis penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis paired t-test dan Independent t-tes. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswi Akademi Kebidanan yang overweight dan obesitas, sampel penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria. Alat ukur penelitian kuesioner. Hasil Penelitian : Konseling kelompok, transparansi dan booklet tentang penanggulangan overweight dan obesitas berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku kelompok perlakuan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku pada saat pretes dengan postes 1 dan postes 2. Setelah kelompok perlakuan mendapatkan promosi kesehatan, ada perbedaan pengetahuan (p=0,013;p<0,05), Sikap (p=0,000;p<0,05) dan perilaku (p=0,000;p<0,05), sedangkan status obesitas mengalami penurunan menjadi overweight (p=0,044;p<0,05). Kesimpulan : Konseling kelompok, transparansi dan booklet meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku tentang penanggulangan overweight dan obesitas. Status obesitas mengalami penurunan menjadi overweight pada mahasiswi akademi kebidanan.

Background: Overweight and obesity nowadays are becoming endemic all over the world. The prevalence of obesity in Indonesia is increasing. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among students of midwifery academy at Pematang Siantar is 12.5% obese and 13.4% overweight. Both overweight and obesity are caused by imbalance between energy intake and energy release. This happens due to lack of knowledge, attitude and behavior in preventing overweight and obesity problem. An effort to improve knowledge, attitude and behavior is through health promotion which may consist of group counseling, use of transparancies and booklet. Objective: To analyze the influence of group counseling and use of transparancies and booklet on how to prevent overweight and obesity to knowledge, attitude and status of overweight and obesity. Method: The study was quasi experimental which used pre test and post test non equivalent group design. Data analysis used paired t-test and independent t-test. Population of the study were overweight and obese students of midwifery academy. Samples were chosen according to certain criteria. Research instruments used were questionnaires. Result: Group counseling and use of transparancies and booklet on the prevention of overweight and obesity improved knowledge, attitude and behavior of experiment group. It was indicated from the difference in knowledge, attitude and behavior during pre test and post test 1 and 2. After the experiment group was given health promotion, there was difference in knowledge (p=0.000; p=<0.05), attitude (p=0.000; p<0.05) and behavior (p=0.000; p<0.05), whereas status of obesity decreased to overweight (p=0.044; p<0.05). Conclusion: Group counseling and use of transparancies and booklet improved knowledge, attitude and behavior about the prevention of overweight and obesity. Status of obesity decreased to overweight among students of midwifery academy.

Kata Kunci : Promosi Kesehatan,Obesitas