Persepsi masyarakat terhadap kemauan memeriksakan batuk berdahak lebih dari 3 (tiga) minggu di Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara

MURWATRIJANTO, Eubius, dr. Sri Retna Irawati, Sp.A.,M.Kes

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Perilaku dan Promosi

Latar belakang : Strategi DOTS di Indonesia dilaksanakan sejak 1995. Pada tahun 2004 di Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara cakupan penemuan suspek TB 44% dan cakupan penemuan kasus (CDR) 42% masih di bawah target (60%). Temuan tersebut tergolong rendah, diduga karena kemauan masyarakat memeriksakan batuk berdahak lebih dari 3 minggu ke puskesmas masih rendah. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi ancaman, hambatan, dan informasi dengan kemauan memeriksakan batuk berdahak lebih dari 3 minggu ke pelayanan kesehatan. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Pendekatan melalui kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan interview dan kuesioner. Sampel diambil dari populasi masyarakat di Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara sebanyak 4 orang (kualitatif) dan 300 orang (kuantitatif), dipilih melalui rancangan multistages sampling. Data dianalisis dengan korelasi Spearman dan multiple regression. Hasil penelitian : Ada hubungan jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan dengan penilaian ancaman batuk berdahak. Ada hubungan jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, dan pekerjaan dengan hambatan untuk periksa. Persepsi ancaman dan hambatan berhubungan dengan kemauan memeriksakan batuk berdahak lebih dari 3 minggu ke pelayanan kesehatan. Informasi tentang batuk berdahak dengan kemauan periksa ke pelayanan kesehatan tidak berhubungan. Pengaruh persepsi ancaman merupakan faktor yang dominan dalam memeriksakan batuk berdahak lebih dari 3 minggu ke pelayanan kesehatan. Kesimpulan : Kemauan memeriksakan batuk berdahak lebih dari 3 minggu ke pelayanan kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh faktor persepsi masyarakat terhadap penilaian ancaman batuk berdahak dan hambatan untuk periksa. Disarankan upaya promosi kesehatan untuk mendukung keberhasilan program TB ditekankan pada materi tentang ancaman batuk berdahak.

Background : DOTS strategy in Indonesia is already implemented since 1995. In the year of 2004, the coverage of TB suspected finding in North Bengkulu district was 44% and the coverage of finding case (CDR) was 42% which still below the target (60%). The finding is still low, and it is estimated that it was occurred as the result of low community’s willingness to check up the phlegm cough that is more than three weeks to primary health care. Objective : This research was aimed to find out the relationship between demography characteristic with perception of phlegm cough threat and obstacle to do the check up and find out perception of threat, obstacle, and information with willingness to check up the phlegm cough that more than 3 weeks to the health service. Method : This research used cross sectional design and the approach was qualitative and quantitative. The technique for data collection was done with interview and questionnaire. There was 4 person (qualitative) and 300 sample (quantitative) taken from community population in the district of North Bengkulu who were selected with multistage sampling design. Data was analyzed with Spearman’s correlation and multiple regression. Result : There was a relationship between sex and education level with valuation of phlegm cough threat. There was a relationship between sex, level of education and job with obstacle to do the check up. The perception of threat and obstacle had relationship with willingness to do the check up of phlegm cough which is more than 3 weeks to the health service. There was no relationship between information regarding phlegm cough with willingness to do the check up. The influence of threat perception is a dominant factor in checking up the phlegm cough which is more than 3 weeks to the health service. Conclusion : Willingness to do the check up of the phlegm cough which is more than 3 weeks to the health service is influenced by community’s perception toward valuation of phlegm cough threat and obstacle to do the check up. It is suggested that the effort of health promotion to support the successfulness of TB program is stressing on the material regarding phlegm cough threat.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat,Persepsi Masyarakat,Tuberkulosis, Community’s Perception, Seeking for Treatment, TB Symptom