Conflicts in spatial plan implementation :: The Case of building/housing permits in Riverbank areas Yogyakarta

HANDOYO H.P., R. Wahyu, Ir. Sudaryono, M.Eng.,Ph.D

2006 | Tesis | Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Pembangunan kawasan perumahan di daerah bantaran sungai membentuk suatu karakteristik baru kondisi perumahan-permukiman di Kota Yogyakarta.. Pilihan untuk mendapatkan rumah yang layak menjadi harapan konsumen meski berada dalam kawasan bantaran sungai yang pada awalnya tidak begitu diperhatikan dalam penentuan lokasi perumahan. Terdapat indikasi bahwa semua perumahan tersebut telah mempunyai Ijin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB) sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa perumahan tersebut legal. Penelitian ini secara mendalam menggali temuan yang muncul di lapangan berupa tema atau konsep dengan fokus pada pelaksanaan penerbitan ijin perumahan. Pelaksanaan dan proses IMB didasarkan pada ketentuan teknis dan tata ruang yang ada dalam peraturan daerah Rencana Umum Tata Ruang Kota (RUTRK). Perda ini menetapkan bahwa status kawasan bantaran sungai termasuk dalam kawasan lindung setempat sempadan sungai. Keberadaan perumahan di bantaran sungai tersebut menguatkan bukti bahwa pelaksanaan rencana tata ruang kurang berjalan dengan baik dan tepat. Satu ketentuan yang tampak jelas dilanggar adalah peraturan tentang jarak sempadan sungai. Pelaksanaan tata ruang menjadi semakin sulit dikarenakan daerah sungai merupakan kewenangan tingkat propinsi, sedang perda tata ruang hanya berlaku dalam satu wilayah administratif kota. Konflik pelaksananaan tata ruang terjadi karena perbedaan persepsi dan ketugasan antar institusi/kantor pemerintah daerah yang diatur dalam masing-masing peraturan dan prosedur dalam instansi. Pelaksanaan IMB menemui kendala berupa lemahnya koordinasi antar instansi dan tidak terintegrasinya peraturan dan ketentuan ijin perumahan dalam satu peraturan tata ruang yang terpadu. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ketentuan tentang jarak sempadan sungai yang dipersyaratakan dalam pembangunan perumahan tidak secara eksplisit ditetapkan dalam peraturan daerah atau keputusan gubernur sebagai pihak yang mempunyai kewenangan atas sungai. Ketentuan tersebut hanya berupa rekomendasi teknis dinas yang tidak mempunyai status dasar hukum yang kuat. Sistem dan penetapan dimensi jarak sempadan sungai mengandung persepsi yang berbeda bergantung pada pejabat dinas dan personel di lapangan

Housing estates in riverbank areas have developed into new characteristics of housing-settlements feature in Yogyakarta City. Housing estates were developed pleasantly. It is interesting for consumers to choose a house although located in riverbank areas that were previously ignored as proper housing locations. The constructions of housing estates in riverbank areas are recognized as legal housing. It indicates that housing estates were constructed with legal permits of local regulation. Building/housing permits are an important instrument in spatial plan implementation. Organizing and administering application of building/housing permit is based on local regulation on spatial plan. Local government applies the City Spatial Order Plan (RUTRK) as the basis rule in delivering building permits. Housing estates in riverbank areas mostly disobeyed setback line from the river regulation that was not clearly mentioned in any local regulation. City spatial plan mandates that riverbank areas are set to be on site preservation areas, setback line from the river area. On the other hand, regulation on setback line from the river was administered by the Provincial Government that was not yet set formally; even they have authority over it. At a local government level, processing and delivering building/housing permits involves several related offices. At least, they have to discuss some related requirements, landownership status, land utilization for large scale construction, environmental impact, and technical recommendation for building construction in riverbank areas. Conflict in implementation of spatial plan occurred when dealing with various perceptions and regulations in the riverbank areas jurisdiction. The City Spatial Order Plan was not fully integrated to regulate over it. Specific institutional regulation and procedures from local offices were not linked into the framework of integrated local law. Coordination among local offices and integration between institutional regulations were complicated to be conducted. It was difficult when dealing with different duties and regulations from various local offices and separate split level local government (city - provincial). Disobediences over spatial plan regulation in riverbank areas occurred because there was not any formal-legal regulation on a setback line from the river. Status of technical recommendation with reference to a setback line from the river was not powerful enough in terms of legal law. There is a requirement to adjust the scheme of coordination and its legal foundation. In addition, it has to be arranged by local government noticeably. Integration between local offices regulations could be constructed to further integrated spatial order plan. It is important to have local regulation mentioned precisely the exact number of distance dimension setback line from the river.

Kata Kunci : Pembangunan Perumahan,IMB,Sempadan Sungai,Rencana Tata Ruang ,spatial plan, building/housing permit, setback line from the river.