Analisis kebijakan perlindungan Pekerja Rumah Tangga (PRT) :: Proses perjalanan Raperda PRT di Kota Yogyakarta

MAHMUDAH, Anis, Dr. Anna Marie Wattie

2007 | Tesis | Magister Studi Kebijakan

Pekerja Rumah Tangga (PRT) sebagai salah satu kelompok marginal yang tidak tersentuh aturan hukum, telah menjadikannya tidak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum selama ini. Alasan inilah yang dijadikan oleh LSM-LSM yang tergabung dalam jaringan perlindungan PRT di Yogyakarta untuk mengajukan perda perlindungan PRT ke DPRD Kota Yogyakarta. Namun, dalam perjalanannya, raperda ini banyak mengalami hambatan. Terkait dengan perjalanan raperda PRT ini, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah: pertama, mengetahui proses formulasi kebijakan perlindungan pekerja rumah tangga di kota Yogyakarta; kedua, mengetahui aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam proses formulasi kebijakan perlindungan pekerja rumah tangga di kota Yogyakarta; dan ketiga, mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menghambat dan mendukung proses formulasi kebijakan perlindungan pekerja rumah tangga di kota Yogyakarta Dalam rangka mencapai tujuan penelitian tersebut, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis stakeholder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui dokumentasi yang terdiri dari hasil workshop, audiensi, dan draft raperda. Selain itu juga dilakukan wawancara mendalam. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis dan dinterpretasikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sesungguhnya perda PRT ini merupakan suatu terobosan yang berarti dalam sektor ketenagakerjaan. Perda PRT ini diharapkan bisa menjadi payung perlindungan hak-hak dan kewajiban antara PRT dengan majikan. Dengan adanya desakan jaringan perlindungan PRT terhadap pemerintah untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap PRT, akhirnya membuat pemerintah berinisiatif membuat beberapa kebijakan, yaitu: pertama, adanya SE Gubernur tentang himbauan untuk membuat perda perlindungan PRT di Kabupaten/Kota; kedua, Serikat PRT diakui di Disnaker; ketiga, adanya draft Raperda yang dibuat oleh pemerintah kota; dan keempat, adanya draft raperda ketenagakerjaan yang diharapkan bisa mempercepat proses perda PRT. Dukungan terhadap proses raperda ini ditunjukkan oleh: pertama, suasana reformasi; kedua, SE Gubernur; dan ketiga, dukungan walikota. Sedangkan beberapa faktor penghambat adalah: payung hukum, materi/substansi raperda, tata tertib dewan, skala prioritas, kondisi sosial budaya dan komitmen politik.

Domestic workers are one of the marginalized groups in society, untouched and unprotected by the law. This is the reason why many non government organizations merged under the Network for the Protection of Domestic workers in Yogyakarta appealed for a law which will provide protection for domestic workers to the regional legislative board of Yogyakarta. Unfortunately, the process of realizing this law has met many obstacles. In relation to the process of realizing the law for the protection of domestic workers as mentioned above, the goal of this research are: first, to understand the process of the policy formulation for the protection of domestic workers in Yogyakarta.; second, to understand the actors involved in the process of formulating the policy for the protection of domestic workers in Yogyakarta; and third; to understand the factors that inhibit and support the process of formulating the policy for the protection of domestic workers in Yogyakarta. In order to achieve the research goal above, a qualitative method is used by using a stakeholder analysis. The data collection was done by going through documentations from workshops, public hearing, clippings, and drafts made during the process of trying to realize the law. Aside from that, in-depth interviews were also used. An analysis and interpretation of all the data was then conducted. The research shows that the realization of a law for the protection of domestic workers represents something different in employment regulations. This law is expected become the overarching protection of rights and obligations among domestic workers with employer. By pressuring for the law to be realized, eventually the following policy made by goverment: first, existence of Governor’s regulation for making the law which will provide protection for domestic workers in Sub Province; second, association of domestic workers confessed by department of employment; third, government made a draft for the law; and fourth, the government has finally made a draft concerning employment regulations which is hoped to be a strong basis for further development of the law for the protection of domestic workers. Support towards the realization of this law was shown by the following factors; first, the reform atmosphere; second, the Governor’s Regulation; and third, support from the mayor. Factors that inhibit the realization of this law are: the overarching law, the content of the draft itself, the regulation that regulates the legislative board, scale of priority, the social and cultural conditions, and political commitment

Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Publik,Perlindungan Pekerja Rumah Tangga,Raperda