Pengaruh jenis kondensor destilasi uap terhadap rendemen minyak nilam

YUNUS, Ir. Prajitno, MT

2006 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin (Teknologi Industri Kecil dan Mene

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan kinerja antara kondensor shell and tube dengan kondensor spiral, kemudian mendapat keputusan terbaik dari hasil perbandingan dari kondensor shell and tube dengan kondensor spiral terhadap pengaruh rendemen minyak nilam. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metoda eksperimental yaitu pembuatan alat unit destilasi uap, kondensor shell and tube, dan kondensor spiral. Rancang bangun kondensor shell and tube dan kondensor spiral menggunakan standar yang sama, yaitu bahan plat dan pipa dari stainless steel, diameter pipa ¾ inci, dan luas permukaan yaitu 3301,89 cm2 dengan bahan baku nilam 10 kg sistem batch. Variabel yang dilakukan untuk menguji perbandingan kedua kondensor tersebut yaitu variasi laju debit air pendingin kondensor 80 ml/s,100 ml/s, dan 120 ml/s. Dengan metoda Desain Acak Sempurna (DAS) Statistik F menjelaskan nilai FHitung = 2,67; jika diambil taraf nyata α = 0,05 yaitu menunjukkan nilai Ftabel = 19,00; dan diambil taraf nyata α = 0,01 menunjukkan nilai Ftabel = 99,00. Maka bahwa nilai FHitung = 2,67 (ANAVA) lebih kecil daripada nilai Ftabel α (0,05) = 19,00 dan Ftabel α(0,01) = 99,00; berarti hipotesis nol (Ho) diterima, namun tidak signifikan dan hipotesis alternatif (Ha) ditolak, artinya dengan perlakuan variasi laju debit air pendingin kondensor 80 ml/s, 100 ml/s, dan 120 ml/s kedua jenis kondensor dapat berubah peningkatan destilatnya, namun perubahannya tidak signifikan. Hasil penelitian dengan variasi laju debit air pendingin kondensor 80 ml/s, 100 ml/s, dan 120 ml/s pada kondensor shell and tube menghasilkan rendemen minyak nilam rata-rata 1,11% lebih tinggi daripada kondensor spiral.

This research is aimed at finding the comparison between the works of shell and tube condenser with spiral condenser, then getting the best decision from the comparison between shell and tube condenser with spiral condenser on the effects of patchuoli oil yields. This research employs experimental method in the making of steam distillation machines, shell and tube condenser and spiral condenser. Design of the shell and tube condenser and spiral condenser use the same standard, that is plat stainless steel, pipes from stainless steel with ¾ inch in diameter, and the suface area of 3301,89 cm2 with 10 kilograms Aceh patchouli raw material using batch system. The employed variabel to test the comparison between the two condensers are the variation on the velocity of condenser cooling water supply of 80 ml/s, 100 ml/s, and 120 ml/s. By employing Random Desain Method, The F statistics shows FObserved = 2,67; if the drawn α = 0,05 the shown FTable = 19,00; and if the drawn α = 0,01 the shown FTable = 99,00. If the FObserved = 2,67 (ANAVA) is smaller than FTable (α = 0,05) = 19,00 and FTable (α = 0,01) = 99,00; it means that the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, but is not significant and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is rejected. It can be concluded that the treatments on the variation of the velocity of condenser cooling water supply can change the distillate increasing of the two types of the condensers, but the changing is not significant. The rersult shows that in the experiment with variation on the velocity of condenser cooling water supply of 80 ml/s, 100 ml/s, and 120 ml/s the shell and tube condenser in average produces 1,11 % patchouli oil yields higher than the spiral condenser.

Kata Kunci : Destilasi Uap,Kinerja Kondensor,Shell dan Tube,Spiral, Patchouli, steam distillation, the comparison between shell and tube condenser with spiral condenser, yields