Kajian parasit pada kepiting bakau (Scylla Serrata) di wilayah perairan hutan bakau Tarakan Kalimantan Timur

DARWIS, Dr.drh. R. Wisnu Nurcahyo

2006 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai jenis parasit yang menginfestasi Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) di wilayah perairan hutan bakau kabupaten Tarakan Kalimantan Timur serta menentukan penyebaran parasit pada berbagai organ. Penelitian ini menggunakan 50 ekor Scylla serrata, yang diambil secara random dari beberapa tempat di wilayah perairan hutan bakau Tarakan Kalimantan Timur. Scylla serrata mula-mula ditimbang, kulit permukaan tubuhya dikerok dengan skalpel kemudian hasil kerokan dimasukkan ke dalam larutan NaCl fisiologis dalam cawan petri dan dihitung jumlah parasit yang ditemukan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya binokuler. Insang digunting kemudian lendirnya ditampung dalam cawan petri dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya binokuler. Selanjutnya dilakukan nekropsi, isi usus dikeluarkan dan diperiksa dengan metode natif dilanjutkan dengan sentrifus dan McMaster untuk menemukan endoparasit. Hasil identifikasi parasit menunjukkan bahwa persentase Scylla serrata yang terinfestasi parasit pada berbagai organnya adalah pada kulit ditemukan Chilodonella sp sebesar 32% pada individu jantan dan Epistylis sp. sebesar 8% serta Cyphocaris sp.sebesar 36% pada individu betina dan kesemuanya menyebabkan iritasi dan adanya lendir pada kulit.Persentase infestasi parasit pada insang adalah Chilodonella sp. sebesar 12% pada individu jantan dan 8% pada individu betina, Octolasmis sp. sebesar 20% dan 24% pada individu betina, Vorticella sp. sebesar 20% pada individu jantan dan 16% pada individu betina, Carchesium sp. sebesar 16% pada individu jantan dan betina, Epistylis sp dan Ergasilus sp hanya ditemukan pada individu betina masing-masing sebesar 8% dan 44%. Parasit semuanya menyebabkan insang hospes menjadi pucat dan iritasi. Parasit yang ditemukan pada usus adalah Opistorchis sp dengan tingkat kejadian sebesar 24% pada individu jantan dan betina serta menyebabkan perut hopes menjadi membesar.

Research was conducted to learn comprehensively parasitosis occurrence in Mangrove Crab (Scylla serrata) within watery habitat of mangrove forest in Tarakan, East Borneo. Research addressed to investigate the abundant of mud crab (Scylla serrata) parasite species and determining the properly eradication program. Investigation worked using 50 adult mud crab, randomly sampled from several representative places within mangrove watery habitat of Tarakan, East Borneo. The mud crab samples were transferred to Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, for further examination. The crab samples were then measured and weighted, proceedingly observed of their externally clinical sign of their body surface and gill. Skin were scraped using scalpel, immediately, the scrapped skin were placed in the NaCl physiologic filled petritical glass to be observed using light microscope. Gill were sliced, the mucous were received using petritical glass and observed microscopically. The examination of crab endoparasite, were worked by starting necropsy procedure, preceded by observation of the intestinal faces through natif, sentrifuge and Mc Master. Parasite identifications appeared percentage of Scylla serrata infected parasite in various organ, skin was occupied by Chilodonella sp. With percentage value 32 % occurred in male , and Epistylis sp. with percentage value 8 % and Cyphocaris sp. With percentage value 36 %, both in female, respectively, and caused skin irritation and mucous discharge. Percentages of parasite infestation in the gill were chilodonella sp. with percentage value 12 % occurred in male and 8 % in those female, Octolasmis sp. with percentage value 20 % and 24 % both in female, Vorticella sp. with percentage value 20 % and 16 % both in male and female crab respectively, Carchesium sp. with percentage value 16 % in male and female as well, Epistylis sp. And Ergasilus sp. found only in female crab with percentage value 8 % and 44 %, respectively. Parasite entirely caused gill host in paleness and irritation. Parasite found within intestinum was Opisthorchis sp. with 24 % of incidence both in male and female crab caused swelling abdomen.

Kata Kunci : Parasitosis,Kepiting Bakau,Chilodonella sp, Chilodonella sp, mangrove forest, Opisthorchis sp., Scylla serrata