Efektivitas daun sirih (Piper betle L) terhadap infeksi Vibrio alginolyticus pada ikan kerapu macan (Epinepheus fuscoguttatus)

FARCHAN, M, Prof.drh. Soesanto M., M.Sc.,Ph.D

2006 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas perasan daun sirih (Piper betle L.) pada ikan kerapu macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) yang diinfeksi dengan bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus Penelitian pendahuluan adalah uji sensitifitas bakteri terhadap daun sirih. Penelitian utama adalah infeksi bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus 106 pada ikan kerapu macan, kemudian diberi perasan daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 40 ppm, 60 ppm dan 80 ppm secara rendaman selama 3 jam dan diulangi tiga hari berturut-turut. Perlakuan dengan 2 kali pengulangan. Ikan kerapu macan sebanyak 50 ekor dengan ukuran 8-10 cm dibagi dalam 5 kelompok masing-masing terdiri dari 10 ekor dipelihara dalam akuarium dengan ukuran 40x50x30 cm. Kelompok pertama (K1) kelompok kontrol, kelompok kedua (K2) diinfeksi tanpa diberi daun sirih. Kelompok ketiga (P1), kelompok keempat (P2) dan kelompok kelima (P3) ikan yang diinfeksi serta diberi perasan daun sirih masing-masing berturut-turut 40 ppm, 60 ppm dan 80 ppm. Pada hari ketujuh setelah infeksi, ikan diambil darah dan diotopsi. Berbagai organ di fiksasi dengan larutan buffer formalin 10% untuk pemeriksaan histopatologi. Pengamatan ikan dan kualitas air dilakukan setiap 6 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan analisa varian. Data histopatologik dianalisa secara deskriptif. Data profil darah dianalisa t-test dari sel neutrofil, eosinofil, monosit dan limfosit kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil pemeriksaan darah menunjukkan adanya trombosit yang reaktif, eritrosit pecah, eritrosit berinti dua, trombosit non reaktif dan eritrosit bervakuola. Hasil analisa Varian dari ke-5 kelompok terlihat penurunan yang signifikan (P<0,01) pada monosit pada kelompok (P3). Berdasarkan kelangsungan hidup ikan, pemberian perasan daun sirih dosis 80 ppm adalah yang terbaik. Ikan yang mati setelah perlakuan menunjukkan radang granuloma dari organ hati, limpa dan ginjal serta radang supuratif jantung.

The study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of betel vine leaves (Piper betle L) juice to treat Vibrio alginolyticus infection in tiger grouper fish. The initial studi was conducted to test the sensitivity of the bacteria to the betel leaves. The main study was done to evaluate the effects of betel leave juice (BLJ) to treat the infected fish. The BLJ was added to water with the concentrasion of 40 ppm, 60 ppm, and 80 ppm. The infected fishes were immersed into BLJ treated water for 3 hours and repeated in three successive days. The treatments were repeated twice fifty fishes of 8-10 length were divided into 5 groups of 1- fishes each and maintained 5 aquarium size of 40 x 50 x 30 cm. The first group (K1) wasthe controle group, the second group (K2) was infected with out treatment with BLJ. The third group (P1), fourth group (P2) and the fifth group (P3) were infected fish and treated with BLJ of 40 ppm, 60 ppm and 80 ppm respectively. Seven days after the treatments blood specimens were taken and an autopsy was performed. Various organs were fixated using 10% formalin buffer for histopathologic examinations. The observation of the fishes and the quality of water was conduced every 6 hours. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis. The data of the histopathology were descriptively analyzed. The blood profile data was analyzed using t-test of the neutrophyl, eosinophyl, and limphosat cells of the treated groups as compared to the controle. The results of the blood examination showed that reactive thrombocytes, erythrocyte lysis, double nuclei erythrocytes, non-reactive thrombocytes and erythrocyte with vacuol. The results of the variance analysis of the fifth group show that there was a significant decrease (P<0.01) in monocyte cells compared to and the fifth group (P3). Based on the survival of the fishes, the treatment of the betel vine leaves juice at the dose 80 ppm was the best. The granuloma inflammations of liver, spleen and kidney and suppurative lesions of heart were observed in the dead fishes.

Kata Kunci : Penyakit Ikan,Infeksi,Daun Sirih,Tiger grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), Vibrio alginolitycus, betel vine leaf (Piper betle L), leucocytes