Evaluasi program pemberian Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu (MP-ASI) lokal di Kota Mataram Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

SURANADI, Luh, Prof.Dr. Johana E. Prawitasari

2007 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi (Psikologi Kesehatan)

Pengantar : Kasus gizi kurang dan gizi buruk terus mengalami peningkatan sejak terjadinya krisis ekonomi pada tahun 1977. Di Propinsi NTB hasil Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) tahun 2005 kasus gizi buruk mencapai 6,58 % sedang gizi kurang 22,62% . Untuk menurunkan terjadinya gizi buruk, pemerintah merencanakan program MP-ASI lokal. Di Propinsi NTB Program MP-ASI lokal diberikan selama 90 hari dengan cara diberikan di posyandu, secara berkelompok dan di rumah masing-masing sasaran. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar program tersebut mempunyai hasil yang optimal terhadap pelayanan gizi masyarakat dan bagaimana hubunganya terhadap partisipasi masyarakat yang datang ke posyandu, diperlukan evaluasi terhadap program maupun sasaran yang menerima program. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program dan persepsi sasaran dalam program pemberian MP-ASI lokal di Kota Mataram. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan deskriptif eksploratif dan analitis. Lokasi penelitian di Kota Mataram dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan akhir bulan Nopember 2006 sampai Januari 2007. Populasi penelitian yaitu Puskesmas yang ada Di Kota Mataram, unit analisis penelitian adalah program pemberian MP-ASI lokal di Posyandu dengan jumlah subyek 358, yang diambil dengan cara purposive dan acak sederhana. Variabel Penelitian terdiri dari masukan, proses, luaran, dampak program, sasaran program ( persepsi sasaran terhadap program) pemberian MP-ASI lokal dan partisipasi masyarakat datang ke Posyandu. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan pencatatan sedang cara pengolahan dan analisis data dengan cara deskriptif dan analitik uji chi-quare. Hasil :Ada hubungan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) persepsi ibu terhadap partisipasi ibu datang keposyandu. Program MP-ASI lokal di Kota Mataram tidak sesuai dengan pedoman MP-ASI lokal dan dikategorikan kurang. Ketersediaan dana, sarana, dan metode belum berjalan maksimal, diperlukan adanya perencanaan yang terorganisasi mulai tingkat pelaksana program. Untuk tahun mendatang MP-ASI lokal sebaiknya tetap ada, dengan mempertimbangkan alokasi dana yang tersedia.

Introduction: The case of nutrition lack and malnutrition continuously increased since economic crises occurred at 1997. In West Nusa Tenggara, the result of the Inspection of Nutrient Status (Pemantauan Status Gizi—PSG) at 2005 shows that the case of malnutrition reached 6.58%, while the cases of nutrition lack reached 22.62%. In order to reduce the case of malnutrition, government has planned the local program of ‘Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu’ (MP-ASI). In West Nusa Tenggara, the program has been carried out for 90 days in Center for Integrated Service (Pos Pelayanan Terpadu—Posyandu) both in groups and in target’s house itself. To find out how great the effect the program have on the nutrient service of society and how its relationship with the participation of society that is willing to come to Posyandu, it is necessary to evaluate both the program and the target that has received it. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the program and the perception of target in the local program of MP-ASI in Mataram City. Method: The study was an observational study using a descriptive, explorative and analytical design. Location in the study was Mataram City and the time was from last November 2006 to January 2007. Population the study was the Center for Health Society (Puskesmas) in Mataram City and the unit of analysis is the local program of MP-ASI in Posyandu with the subjects of 358 taken by purposive and simple random sampling. Variables in the study are the input, process, output, effect, and target (target’s perception) of the local program of MP-ASI and the participation of society that is willing to come to Posyandu. Data collection is conducted using the techniques of observation, interview, and recording, while data processing and analysis is conducted by using chi-square test. Result: There was significant correlation (P<0.05) between mothers’ perception and mothers’ participation in willing to come to Posyandu. The local program of MP-ASI in Mataram City did not matched with the guide of MP-ASI and been categorized as low. The availability of fund, tools, and method were not maximal yet, thus it is required that there is an organized planning started from the level of program implementation. In the future, the local program of MP-ASI should remain while considering the allocation of available fund.

Kata Kunci : Persepsi,Gizi,MP ASI,Evaluation, Perception, Local MP-ASI